First, the basic principles of early basal fertilizer basal fertilizer: deep application, centralized application, rotation application, decomposing application, distribution of water application, and a large number of applications.
Basal fertilizer promotes early (autumn) application, which is appropriate before the arrival of autumn root growth, and no irrigation conditions can be advanced to the late rainy season. The best period is from fruit picking to the end of November, the effect is significantly higher than the spring application. The advantages of early application are: 1 soil temperature higher decomposition; 2 autumn root growth and absorption; 3 autumn and high-spirited photosynthetic; 4 long-leaf stop profit reserve; 5 fat enough to tree overwintering; more than 6 Qiugen Lilai spring. The reference factors for the amount of fertilizer: 1 species, species and age of the tree; 2 soil and soil fertility; 3 the effective composition and content of fertilizer; 4 field and local fertilizer tests. 5 The amount of experience in high-yield and high-quality gardens. According to the experience of fertilization in different parts of the country, if the amount of basal fertilizer is calculated according to the age of the tree, about 15 kg of manure will increase per plant per age. For example, if the production rate is less than 1500kg per mu, 1kg of fruit is 1kg of organic fertilizer; 1500kg is more than 1kg of fruit is 1.5-2.0kg of organic fertilizer. Base fertilizer application points: early (more than 1 month before defoliation), more (more than 70% of the annual fertilization amount), all (organic, inorganic, large, trace combined), deep (root concentration distribution layer) , To concentrate (the main distribution of the root group), to water (to facilitate the absorption and absorption), mainly organic fertilizer, with the appropriate amount of fertilizer in the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace fertilizer, or directly with the fruit tree fertilizer.
Basal fertilizer application method: Saplings should adopt “annular groove methodâ€, combined with expansion plate, groove width 40-60cm, ditch depth 60-70cm, outward expansion year after year; mature tree adopts “radiation groove†or “gutter groove method†The width of the groove is 40-50cm and the depth of the groove is 40-50cm. Mature trees can also use the "whole garden spreading method". After spreading, the fertilizer should also be buried in the soil 20-30cm. Sorghum orchards are applied within the arable land. The above fertilization method should be alternately applied alternately every year.
Second, the principle of applying topdressing fruit trees to topdressing should be quasi-live, clever, and timely. It is necessary to use quick-acting fertilizers as the mainstay, and to advocate top-dressing of compound fertilizers, special fertilizers, and trace fertilizers. In particular, formulating fertilizers with targeted fertilizers should be promoted.
1 Because of tree top dressing. Prosperous trees should avoid the long-term trend of new shoots, promote "tip stop" (such as apple shoots and autumn shoots for a long time) topdressing, will help ease the growth, fertilizer should pay attention to phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Weak trees should be top-dressed with fast-acting fertilizers before prosperous growth. Nitrogen is the main advantage, which is beneficial to growth. As a result, Zhuangshu should focus on high yield, high quality, and maintain robustness. In the bud before the recovery of nitrogen-based nitrogen fertilizer, is conducive to sprouting shoots, flowering fruit. Phosphorus and potassium are the main topdressing fertilizers during the fruit enlargement period, and with ammonium nitrogen, accelerating fruit growth and promoting sugar enrichment. Immediately after sowing, the fertilizer will be used to water and restore the tree body and increase the reserve.
2 dressing method. Nitrogen fertilizers are easily soluble and mobile, and should be applied slightly. Phosphorus and potash fertilizers have poor mobility, ammonium carbonates are easily volatilized, and the odor of decomposed urine and urine is relatively large. Generally, it is better to dig trenches for deeper application.
3 top dressing dosage and formula fertilization. In the growth process before the fruiting period of the tree, each plant generally increases about 0.1 kg of pure nitrogen per year. The N, P2O5, and K2O contents of the fertilizer are preferably equivalent to each other. The conditional response to garden soils was analyzed and analyzed, combined with the tree leaf analysis and yield and quality conditions to determine the fertilization formula. As for the supplementation of trace fertilizers, based on field analysis, one is to apply organic manure more, the other is to use microelement fertilizer in organic fertilizer, the third is to use special fertilizer for fruit trees containing micronutrients, the fourth is to use foliar spray fertilizer, and the fifth is to trunk Injecting supplements, the sixth is to improve the soil micro-environment.
The top dressing is generally suitable for two times. One is top dressing before germination (after soil thawing); the other is top dressing during fruit enlargement (early ripening varieties in late June, medium ripening varieties in late July and late ripening varieties in late August and late August). Fertilizing before budding can promote sprouting and flowering of fruit trees, increase fruit setting rate and promote new growth. The topdressing fertilizer is mainly nitrogen and phosphorus, and diammonium phosphate should be used. Acupuncture should be applied, 40 kg per mu for mature trees, and 20 kg per mu for saplings; fruit top dressing can increase yield and fruit sugar content and promote coloration. Increasing hardness is an essential top dressing. The top dressing is based on potash fertilizer, and 70 mu of potassium sulfate and 5 kg of diammonium phosphate are applied to mature trees.
Third, auxiliary leaf spray fertilizer
Foliar spray fertilizer should be combined with soil fertilization, as an auxiliary measure to quickly recharge nutrients for comprehensive application. Its advantages are: 1 The distribution is balanced and less affected by the growth center. 2 speed, less use, high efficiency. 3 It is not affected by leaching and fixing of soil, it is effective, and phosphorus and trace elements are added. The effect is especially obvious. 4 Improve leaf function, extend leaf life, and increase nutrient reserve. The key implementation period of foliar spraying fertilizer: 1 During the first half of the growing season, the nitrogen spray is the main factor, and the concentration should be low, such as urea 0.3-0.5%; in the latter half of the growing season, phosphorus and potassium are the main factors and the concentration can be biased. High, such as spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5% at this time sprayed urea up to 0.5-0.7%. 2 During the flowering period, nitrogen- and boron-based (0.2-0.3%) photosynthetic micronutrients are mainly used, and the deficiency is often supplemented. 3 Do a good job of "two before" (pre-deciduous and pre-emergence), high concentrations (1% urea before defoliation, up to 3% before budding shoots), the key spray with significant results. 4 choose no wind before 10 o'clock in the morning or after 5 o'clock to increase the amount of fat absorption.
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