The choice of chicks is the foundation and key to breeding high-producing laying hens
The chick's own choice The quality of the chick itself is the deciding factor for the success of the batch. Therefore, when choosing a chick, pay attention to the following aspects:
Eyes must have God, hair should be smooth, strong, umbilical to no trace, anal to inconvenience, call to sound, body should be uniform, abdomen to tighten.
The study on the age, nutrition, and health status of breeder chickens confirmed that chicks hatched from 30- to 45-week-old egg-laying chickens hatched better than other weeks of age. Breeders should eat nutrient-balanced diets rich in vitamins, trace elements, and amino acids. The nutrient concentration is much higher than that of laying hens, especially vitamins A, E, D3, B12, folic acid, biotin, trace elements zinc, manganese, and selenium. Breeders themselves should not be infected with lymphocytic leukemia, salmonella, mycoplasma, avian encephalomyelitis, infectious anemia and reticuloendotheliosis and so on.
Environmental control brooding temperature The temperature of the brooding house must be prepared in advance, and it must burn 1°C~1.5°C higher than the normal temperature before entering the chicks. Because the chicks first need to rest after being transported to the brooding house, their own calorie production will be reduced at rest, so the environmental temperature must be increased to facilitate the healthy development of the chicks. The temperature required for chicks from 1 day to 3 days is 33°C to 34°C. The temperature is constant for the first 3 days and then 3°C per week thereafter.
Humidity in early brooding brooding should be higher humidity, generally 65% ​​to 70%. The proper humidity balances the chick's drinking water, avoids binge drinking and dehydration, and is beneficial to healthy development. The appropriate humidity will also maintain the integrity of the respiratory mucosa and reduce the incidence of E. coli and mycoplasma.
Air Quality The air should be kept fresh, with no dust in the house and an oxygen concentration of 21%. The concentration of ammonia gas is less than 10 milligrams per cubic meter, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide is less than 2 milligrams per cubic meter, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is less than 1,500 milligrams per cubic meter.
Feeding and management Breeding density As the conditions permit, the smaller the flock density, the better. The smaller the density, the more convenient it is for the chicks to drink and eat, the less likely they are to develop disease, and the better the uniformity, the more favorable the growth and development will be. In general, one week of age is 50 feathers per square meter, 35 feathers per square meter at the age of 2 weeks, 20 feathers per square meter at the age of 3 weeks, and 10 feathers per square meter at the age of 4 weeks.
Emphasizing the weight of 5 week old chicks The poultry scientists demonstrated through a large number of experiments that the 5-week-old weight of the chicks was positively related to the egg production during the laying period, the egg production during the peak period of egg production, and the duration of the peak period of egg production. However, chicks need 4 to 5 immunizations and one breakage during these 5 weeks, sometimes involving group and group stress, so it is difficult to meet or exceed normal standards.
Strengthen Nutrition The new-born chicks are characterized by poor digestion, rapid growth, strong metabolism, and poor disease resistance, and therefore must provide high nutrient density, digestible diets. The crude protein content of the diet should not be lower than 18.5%, and 2850 kcal per kilogram of metabolic energy.
The number of feedings was 1 week old and 8 feedings were performed every day and night, 6 feedings per day and night at 2 weeks old, 5 feedings per day and night at 3 weeks old, and 3 to 4 feedings per day and night after 4 weeks of age.
Light control Three days before brooding, the light intensity is 20 lux to 30 lux per day for 24 hours, that is, a 100 watt incandescent lamp with an umbrella illuminates 3 m2 to 5 m2, which is convenient for chicks to become familiar with the environment and feed water. From 4 days old to 7 days old, the light intensity was reduced to 15 lux to 20 lux per day for 22 hours. After that, the light intensity was gradually reduced to 15 hours and the intensity was controlled to be less than 10 lux.
The practice of raising brooding poultry has proven that changing the brooding period of laying hens from the original 6 weeks to 8 weeks can increase the disease resistance of the flock, increase the egg production during the laying period, and reduce the death rate during the laying period.
Must adhere to the principle of persisting in eating and eating. The principle that must be adhered to is that the following four points must be fulfilled at the same time: all the chicks must be allowed to drink water first; the chickens have been fed for more than 4 hours; one third of the chicks have had Food behavior; feeding only seven full.
Emphasis on broiler breeder chicken must be uniform weight must be cultivated to achieve standard weight and even weight of chickens, weight uniformity should not be less than 85%, preferably 88% to 90%. Before the start of production, body weight should exceed 5% to 8% of the standard body weight of the species, and must not be lower than the standard body weight.
The chicken population must be evenly distributed evenly in the case of good body weight uniformity. Otherwise, although the body weight is up to standard, the chicken with too small body size may have difficulties in production, reclamation, anal fistula and egg production.
The length of the flock must be uniform and long and the body size reflects the size of the chicken's skeleton and body cavity. The body cavity can make the reproductive system have enough development space to develop into an organ suitable for high-yielding chickens.
Sexual maturity of the flock must be consistent. Only the sexual maturity of the flock will be synchronized. Only when the peak of egg production is fast, can there be a significant peak of egg production, and the peak time for egg production is long. Otherwise, light control and feed adjustment are difficult to carry out.
In the rearing period, chickens with uniform body weight, uniform body size, uniform length, and sexual maturity are expected to have ideal production performance. The peak of egg production of such chickens rises quickly, the egg laying rate during peak hours is high, the duration of egg production peaks is long, the rate of dead sheep laying during the laying period is low, and the weight of the underframe is heavy. After the chickens are put into production, the egg production rate increases by 4% to 5% per day.
The management lighting principle during the egg production preparation period can increase artificial lighting only when the egg production rate reaches 5% or more. The artificial light is increased by 15 minutes to 20 minutes per week; the light intensity is preferably 3 watts per square meter incandescent lamp, that is, the light intensity is 10 lux; the light time is generally 16 hours to 17 hours per day; once the light starts, The intensity cannot be reduced, the time cannot be shortened, and the light source cannot be replaced.
Feed-replacement chickens can't be called open-reading. Open-production is a special term for livestock production. In a group of several thousand chickens, producing only 1 to 2 or 3 to 5 eggs is not counted as opening, so it is not possible to add light and refuel.
Strengthen nutrition While feeding the full-priced feed, additional vitamins are added to help reduce stress, illness, and egg production.
Before the start of production, the deworming of laying hens can be performed before the deworming begins to make the chickens healthier, which is beneficial to increase egg production and maintain long-term egg production peaks. In the breeding period, chickens are often infected with locusts, worms, etc., which seriously damage the health of chickens and reduce egg production. In some cases, flocks of trichomoniasis are caused by infection with heterologous nematodes, resulting in high mortality rates and severe decline in egg production.
The chick's own choice The quality of the chick itself is the deciding factor for the success of the batch. Therefore, when choosing a chick, pay attention to the following aspects:
Eyes must have God, hair should be smooth, strong, umbilical to no trace, anal to inconvenience, call to sound, body should be uniform, abdomen to tighten.
The study on the age, nutrition, and health status of breeder chickens confirmed that chicks hatched from 30- to 45-week-old egg-laying chickens hatched better than other weeks of age. Breeders should eat nutrient-balanced diets rich in vitamins, trace elements, and amino acids. The nutrient concentration is much higher than that of laying hens, especially vitamins A, E, D3, B12, folic acid, biotin, trace elements zinc, manganese, and selenium. Breeders themselves should not be infected with lymphocytic leukemia, salmonella, mycoplasma, avian encephalomyelitis, infectious anemia and reticuloendotheliosis and so on.
Environmental control brooding temperature The temperature of the brooding house must be prepared in advance, and it must burn 1°C~1.5°C higher than the normal temperature before entering the chicks. Because the chicks first need to rest after being transported to the brooding house, their own calorie production will be reduced at rest, so the environmental temperature must be increased to facilitate the healthy development of the chicks. The temperature required for chicks from 1 day to 3 days is 33°C to 34°C. The temperature is constant for the first 3 days and then 3°C per week thereafter.
Humidity in early brooding brooding should be higher humidity, generally 65% ​​to 70%. The proper humidity balances the chick's drinking water, avoids binge drinking and dehydration, and is beneficial to healthy development. The appropriate humidity will also maintain the integrity of the respiratory mucosa and reduce the incidence of E. coli and mycoplasma.
Air Quality The air should be kept fresh, with no dust in the house and an oxygen concentration of 21%. The concentration of ammonia gas is less than 10 milligrams per cubic meter, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide is less than 2 milligrams per cubic meter, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is less than 1,500 milligrams per cubic meter.
Feeding and management Breeding density As the conditions permit, the smaller the flock density, the better. The smaller the density, the more convenient it is for the chicks to drink and eat, the less likely they are to develop disease, and the better the uniformity, the more favorable the growth and development will be. In general, one week of age is 50 feathers per square meter, 35 feathers per square meter at the age of 2 weeks, 20 feathers per square meter at the age of 3 weeks, and 10 feathers per square meter at the age of 4 weeks.
Emphasizing the weight of 5 week old chicks The poultry scientists demonstrated through a large number of experiments that the 5-week-old weight of the chicks was positively related to the egg production during the laying period, the egg production during the peak period of egg production, and the duration of the peak period of egg production. However, chicks need 4 to 5 immunizations and one breakage during these 5 weeks, sometimes involving group and group stress, so it is difficult to meet or exceed normal standards.
Strengthen Nutrition The new-born chicks are characterized by poor digestion, rapid growth, strong metabolism, and poor disease resistance, and therefore must provide high nutrient density, digestible diets. The crude protein content of the diet should not be lower than 18.5%, and 2850 kcal per kilogram of metabolic energy.
The number of feedings was 1 week old and 8 feedings were performed every day and night, 6 feedings per day and night at 2 weeks old, 5 feedings per day and night at 3 weeks old, and 3 to 4 feedings per day and night after 4 weeks of age.
Light control Three days before brooding, the light intensity is 20 lux to 30 lux per day for 24 hours, that is, a 100 watt incandescent lamp with an umbrella illuminates 3 m2 to 5 m2, which is convenient for chicks to become familiar with the environment and feed water. From 4 days old to 7 days old, the light intensity was reduced to 15 lux to 20 lux per day for 22 hours. After that, the light intensity was gradually reduced to 15 hours and the intensity was controlled to be less than 10 lux.
The practice of raising brooding poultry has proven that changing the brooding period of laying hens from the original 6 weeks to 8 weeks can increase the disease resistance of the flock, increase the egg production during the laying period, and reduce the death rate during the laying period.
Must adhere to the principle of persisting in eating and eating. The principle that must be adhered to is that the following four points must be fulfilled at the same time: all the chicks must be allowed to drink water first; the chickens have been fed for more than 4 hours; one third of the chicks have had Food behavior; feeding only seven full.
Emphasis on broiler breeder chicken must be uniform weight must be cultivated to achieve standard weight and even weight of chickens, weight uniformity should not be less than 85%, preferably 88% to 90%. Before the start of production, body weight should exceed 5% to 8% of the standard body weight of the species, and must not be lower than the standard body weight.
The chicken population must be evenly distributed evenly in the case of good body weight uniformity. Otherwise, although the body weight is up to standard, the chicken with too small body size may have difficulties in production, reclamation, anal fistula and egg production.
The length of the flock must be uniform and long and the body size reflects the size of the chicken's skeleton and body cavity. The body cavity can make the reproductive system have enough development space to develop into an organ suitable for high-yielding chickens.
Sexual maturity of the flock must be consistent. Only the sexual maturity of the flock will be synchronized. Only when the peak of egg production is fast, can there be a significant peak of egg production, and the peak time for egg production is long. Otherwise, light control and feed adjustment are difficult to carry out.
In the rearing period, chickens with uniform body weight, uniform body size, uniform length, and sexual maturity are expected to have ideal production performance. The peak of egg production of such chickens rises quickly, the egg laying rate during peak hours is high, the duration of egg production peaks is long, the rate of dead sheep laying during the laying period is low, and the weight of the underframe is heavy. After the chickens are put into production, the egg production rate increases by 4% to 5% per day.
The management lighting principle during the egg production preparation period can increase artificial lighting only when the egg production rate reaches 5% or more. The artificial light is increased by 15 minutes to 20 minutes per week; the light intensity is preferably 3 watts per square meter incandescent lamp, that is, the light intensity is 10 lux; the light time is generally 16 hours to 17 hours per day; once the light starts, The intensity cannot be reduced, the time cannot be shortened, and the light source cannot be replaced.
Feed-replacement chickens can't be called open-reading. Open-production is a special term for livestock production. In a group of several thousand chickens, producing only 1 to 2 or 3 to 5 eggs is not counted as opening, so it is not possible to add light and refuel.
Strengthen nutrition While feeding the full-priced feed, additional vitamins are added to help reduce stress, illness, and egg production.
Before the start of production, the deworming of laying hens can be performed before the deworming begins to make the chickens healthier, which is beneficial to increase egg production and maintain long-term egg production peaks. In the breeding period, chickens are often infected with locusts, worms, etc., which seriously damage the health of chickens and reduce egg production. In some cases, flocks of trichomoniasis are caused by infection with heterologous nematodes, resulting in high mortality rates and severe decline in egg production.
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