Shandong New Hope Animal Husbandry Site: Jining Animal Husbandry Development Zone | Mobile Website:
Provincial Animal Husbandry Office Assigned Transfer Agency Business License
When incorporating fat into dairy cow diets, it's essential to consider the type of fat used. Opt for protective fat products containing short-chain fatty acids, which are more easily absorbed and have higher bioavailability. Additionally, prioritize unsaturated fatty acids over saturated ones, as they are more digestible and beneficial for overall health.
The timing of fat supplementation is equally important. After calving, dairy cows experience a high energy demand, and adding fat at this stage can be stressful. It’s better to introduce fat 3–5 weeks post-calving, allowing the cow to adjust gradually. Although milk production might dip initially, it often rebounds later. Fat supplementation is especially effective during hot weather and peak lactation, helping extend the milk yield peak and increase total milk output over the entire lactation period. However, avoid using protected fats in late lactation unless necessary.
A well-balanced diet is key to maximizing the benefits of fat addition. Ensure high-quality forage is included to meet fiber requirements, which supports rumen function and improves fat utilization. Aim for a dry matter fiber content of around 17%, acid detergent fiber at 21%, and increase crude protein levels if needed. If calcium levels are normal, consider increasing them by 0.1%–0.2%. Magnesium should be maintained at 0.25%–0.30%. Also, ensure adequate ruminal degradable protein to support milk protein levels and prevent a drop due to increased milk production.
Supplementing with specific additives can enhance the effectiveness of fat feeding. Consider adding 6–12 grams of niacin, 10 grams of rumen-protected methionine, or 20–30 grams of rumen-protected lysine daily. Adding 20–30 grams of rumen-protected choline can also help improve milk yield, fat percentage, and protein levels while reducing metabolic issues and improving reproductive performance.
It’s important to identify the right animals for fat supplementation. Protective fats work best for high- and medium-producing dairy cows. Low-yielding cows may not benefit significantly. If the average milk yield per cow is below 25.5 kg, additional fat may not be necessary. However, when yields exceed this level, fat can be added to boost energy density and meet the cow’s nutritional needs. The effect is most noticeable when milk fat percentage is below 3.5%. When it's above that, the benefits are less pronounced.
Gradual introduction of fat is crucial. Whether starting or stopping fat supplementation, a slow transition helps cows adapt to changes in their diet and rumen environment. This approach also prevents issues with feed palatability. In practice, fat is typically introduced in three stages, with the full amount being reached within 3–4 weeks. This method ensures minimal impact on feed intake and maintains good cow performance.
In conclusion, successful fat supplementation requires a comprehensive understanding of the cow's physiological needs, production level, and the characteristics of the fat product used. Proper management, feeding strategies, and attention to detail will help maximize milk production, improve milk quality, and achieve greater economic returns. By carefully balancing these factors, dairy farmers can unlock the full potential of their herds and maintain long-term profitability.
Shandong New Hope Animal Husbandry Site: Jining Animal Husbandry Development Zone | Mobile Website:
Provincial Animal Husbandry Office Assigned Transfer Agency Business License
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