Scientific name: *Mussaenda erythrophylla*
Common Name: Red Jade Leaf Flower
Family: Rubiaceae (previously classified as Valerianaceae)
Origin and Distribution:
Native to West Africa, this plant has been introduced to China and is now cultivated in various regions for its ornamental value.
Morphological Features:
It is a shrub with thin, papery leaves that are lance-shaped or elliptical, measuring 7–9 cm in length and 4–5 cm in width. The leaf tips are long and pointed, while the base is narrow and tapering. Both surfaces of the leaves are covered with fine hairs, and the veins are red. The flowers are small and yellow, but what makes this plant unique are the large, modified bracts that resemble red paper fans. These bracts are ovoid, 3.5–5 cm long, with a short tip and red hairs along the edges. They feature five prominent vertical veins, giving them a striking appearance.
Growth Habits:
This species prefers warm, humid, and partially shaded environments. It thrives in well-drained, acidic, and nutrient-rich soil. The ideal temperature range is between 20–30°C. During winter, if temperatures drop below 10°C, the plant enters dormancy, and if it goes below 5–7°C, it can suffer severe damage or even die. Therefore, maintaining a minimum winter temperature of above 15°C is recommended for optimal growth.
Propagation:
*Mussaenda erythrophylla* is commonly propagated through cuttings. Spring is the best season for propagation, as it allows the cuttings to root quickly and establish strong growth.
Applications:
The vibrant red bracts of the Red Jade Leaf Flower create a stunning visual effect, especially when swaying gently in the wind. It is often used in landscape design, planted under trees, around lawns, or in small courtyards to add color and beauty.
Its striking red "flowers" have inspired many poetic references, reminiscent of ancient Chinese verses like “Red Crisp Hand, Yellow Vine Wine, Manchu Spring Palace Willow!â€â€”perhaps a tribute from a literati poet.
In some regions, the plant is affectionately called “flowers are not flowers,†because the actual flowers are small and located at the center, forming a tiny five-pointed star. Some people believe that the flower symbolizes strength and leadership, as if the generals on the shoulders of great leaders may have drawn inspiration from it.
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