Issues with Fruit Trees
During the hot summer days, several common problems can occur with fruit trees. One of the most important techniques used to address these issues is bud grafting. This method involves selecting strong, healthy shoots from the desired tree and making a "T"-shaped cut on the rootstock. The cut should be deep enough to reach the xylem, with a horizontal incision of 0.3–0.4 cm and vertical cuts of about 2 cm. Using a knife, a small bud is then taken from a newly harvested shoot, shaped into a triangle of similar size, and carefully inserted into the "T"-shaped opening. It's important to ensure that the bud adheres well to the bark. Once in place, a 1 cm wide and 20 cm long plastic band is tightly wrapped around the graft site, ensuring that the bud remains completely covered and protected.
About 30 days after the graft, the plastic band can be loosened, and if the bud has successfully taken, it will start to sprout. At this point, the band can be removed, and any competing growth on the rootstock should be immediately pruned. This helps to direct the tree’s energy toward the new scion. Regular removal of unwanted shoots on the rootstock is essential, along with proper watering and fertilization, to support the healthy and rapid growth of the grafted part.
Bud grafting offers several advantages over other grafting methods. First, it has a high survival rate—about 40% higher than spring grafting. Second, it allows for faster sprouting and requires fewer cutting steps, as the scion doesn’t lose moisture during the process. Third, it minimizes damage to the rootstock, preserving its existing fruit production. Fourth, the technique is simple and efficient, making it ideal for large-scale orchard transformations. Fifth, it’s flexible—buds can be grafted at any time, even during the summer, and is easy to manage whether in a small yard or a large orchard. Lastly, the new branches grow quickly under high temperature and humidity conditions, allowing the tree to bear fruit within two years and reach full productivity in 3–5 years. Additionally, using microbial fertilizers or rooting agents like Ginba after grafting can significantly improve both survival and growth rates.
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