In order to enhance the breeding, purification, and quality improvement of Tibetan Mastiffs, it's not enough to simply focus on selecting individual dogs. A more comprehensive approach is required, emphasizing structured breeding practices rather than relying solely on natural mating within their native region. The goal is to purposefully select male and female dogs based on specific traits, performance characteristics, and even familial relationships, ensuring that the offspring inherit the best qualities from both parents.
Hierarchical matching involves evaluating male and female dogs using a set of comprehensive criteria. Once they are ranked, pairings are made accordingly. Typically, male dogs should be rated higher than females, and each generation should aim for at least one grade above the previous. Female dogs with unique traits or characteristics can be matched at a slightly lower level. Male dogs are usually graded as either special or first-class due to their greater influence on the genetic makeup of the litter.
Maintaining pedigree is essential for preserving distinct types of Tibetan Mastiffs based on their ancestry. According to research, there are six basic coat colors, each associated with specific features such as head shape, mouth structure, tail form, coat distribution, and temperament. Breeding by pedigree helps combine desirable traits from different lineages, creating ideal specimens while maintaining the unique qualities of each breed type.
Quality matching is another method where the overall quality of the male and female dogs determines whether they are mated. This includes considering trait performance, temperament, and physical fitness. Dogs can be bred homogenously or heterogeneously depending on the desired outcome. For instance, two dogs with similar appearance and size may be mated, or a mix of traits may be used to introduce genetic diversity. At the genetic level, multiple alleles at the same locus determine coat color, with relationships like dominance or codominance influencing the outcome.
For example, when a black dog is mated with a red-brown female, the offspring may display black, red-brown, or chocolate coats without clear inheritance patterns. If a red-brown male is crossed with a black female, backcrossing can lead to additional variations, including wolf-blue puppies. Young puppies of red-brown or apricot-yellow varieties often show grayish-white fur that fades as they grow, revealing their true coat color around three months of age. The color behind the ears is a key indicator of the puppy’s future coat color.
The four-colored coat is the most common among Tibetan Mastiffs, though the size and depth of the color vary. A standard four-eye pattern should have large, round spots with clear outlines. Red is considered the best, followed by yellow, while white eyes are less desirable. Proper selection and breeding practices ensure that these traits are preserved and enhanced over generations.
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