Cotton Wilt Disease in Fujian Province is Expected to Occurrence of Wilt Disease

According to the Anhui Provincial Plant Protection Station, this year’s cotton pests and diseases are expected to be moderate overall, with certain issues like the blind bug and wilt disease being more severe. Cotton leafhoppers and Spodoptera litura are expected to be mild to moderate, while cotton bollworms will likely remain light in occurrence. To manage these challenges, farmers should focus on early prevention, especially for wilt disease and seedling blight. Using resistant varieties such as Suimian 53, Kemian No. 6, Noza No. 5, Zhongmian No. 53, and Zhongmian No. 48 is recommended. Coated seeds can also help improve resistance and promote healthier growth from the start. When selecting seedlings, it's important to use disease-free or custom soil to avoid contamination. The seedbed soil should be disinfected using products like hymexazol, carbendazim, or other suitable agents. Large, healthy seedlings should be used to ensure strong growth during the early stages. Crop rotation is essential to reduce pathogen buildup in the soil and lower disease incidence. Removing weeds and roadside vegetation helps control pest populations, particularly for blind bugs and leafhopper larvae. During the seedling stage, farmers should pay close attention to diseases like seedling blight, blind bugs, leafhoppers, thrips, mites, and ground beetles. Timely weeding, cultivation, and top-dressing can help shorten the seedling period. In heavy rain conditions, spraying with carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl can help prevent fungal infections. When larval numbers reach 100 per plant, insecticides such as fipronil, malathion, acephate, chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, and profenofos can be applied. For aphid infestations, if the rate exceeds 15%, treatments like imidacloprid, acetamiprid, or avermectin-based products may be used. When infected plants reach 5% before transplanting, and 20% after, imidacloprid and acetamiprid are effective for control. Earthworms can be managed using pyrethroid pesticides like deltamethrin or fenvalerate. For seedlings, if there are over 1,000 aphids per 100 seedlings before the three-leaf stage, or over 2,000 after, imidacloprid should be used. In rainy areas, snail control is crucial, and products like polyacetal, carbaryl, or tetra-ethylaldehyde can be applied. During the bud stage, farmers should monitor for blind bugs, wilt disease, and second-generation bollworms. Pruning, weeding, and proper drainage are essential. After wheat or oilseed rape harvest, larvae should be removed, and natural predators should be encouraged to move to cotton fields. If potassium deficiency is observed, potassium chloride can be added as a fertilizer, and foliar sprays of potassium dihydrogen phosphate can supplement nutrients. In fields with excessive nitrogen, early cotton growth, dense weeds, or nearby trees, special attention should be given to blind bug control. Pesticides should be applied before 9 AM or after 5 PM to avoid heat stress. For non-Bt cotton or early-stage cotton, when 15–20 second-generation bollworms are found per 100 plants, nuclear polyhedrosis virus can be used. If needed, quick-acting agents like phoxim or DDT can be applied. For fusarium wilt, irrigation or sprays containing fulvic acid, oligoaminoglycans, or bactericides are recommended. During the flowering period, farmers should focus on third-generation bollworms, Spodoptera litura, leafhoppers, and thrips in mid-July to early August. Later, from mid-August onward, the focus shifts to fourth- and fifth-generation bollworms, along with other pests and diseases. Farmers should regularly prune, remove side shoots, and wipe off buds. After topping, chemical adjustments based on plant growth should be made, and egg masses of Spodoptera litura should be removed promptly. In rainy conditions, picking and spreading the flowers can help reduce disease spread. When 10–15 third-generation bollworm larvae are found per 100 plants, and similar levels for fourth- and fifth-generation larvae, insecticides like pyrethroids or hexaflumuron should be used. For Spodoptera litura, applications of hexaflumuron, tebufenozide, chlorpyrifos, or phoxim should occur before the second instar. Alternating between different modes of action is important to prevent resistance. Farmers should also monitor surrounding crops like soybeans and hawthorn for Spodoptera litura activity. When blind bug infestations are severe, rotating pesticide types can improve control. For heavy thrips and aphid infestations, imidacloprid and acetamiprid are effective options.

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