Issues with Fruit Trees
During the hot summer days, several challenges can arise when growing fruit trees. One of the most common techniques used to address these issues is bud grafting. This method involves selecting strong, healthy shoots from the scion (the part being grafted), and making a "T"-shaped incision on the rootstock (the plant onto which the scion is grafted). The cut should be deep enough to reach the xylem, with a horizontal cut of 0.3–0.4 cm and vertical cuts of about 2 cm. A similarly sized bud is then taken from a freshly harvested shoot, shaped into a triangle, and inserted into the "T" shape as quickly as possible to ensure good contact between the scion and the rootstock. Once in place, the area is wrapped tightly with a plastic band that is 1 cm wide and 20 cm long, ensuring the bud remains completely covered and protected.
About 30 days after the grafting, the buds should start to sprout. At this point, the plastic band can be carefully removed, and the rootstock (anvil) should be cut back immediately. Any new shoots that appear on the rootstock should be regularly removed to prevent competition for nutrients. It's also important to maintain proper watering and fertilization to support the growth of the scion and ensure its successful establishment.
Bud grafting offers several advantages over other grafting methods. First, it has a high survival rate—about 40% higher than spring grafting. Second, the process is faster, with fewer steps involved, and because there is no water loss during grafting, the success rate is significantly improved. Third, it helps conserve the scion material, and it causes less damage to the rootstock, which means it doesn't interfere with the existing fruit production on other branches. Fourth, the technique is simple and easy to perform, making it ideal for large-scale orchard transformations. Fifth, whether you're working in a small backyard or a large orchard, this method is convenient and allows for year-round grafting. Lastly, due to the favorable conditions of high temperature and humidity, the grafted branches grow quickly and can start bearing fruit within two years, reaching full production in 3–5 years. Additionally, using microbial fertilizers or rooting agents like Ginba after grafting can further boost the survival and growth rates of the grafted plants.
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