Potato greenhouse cultivation experience

Mr. Zhao Jinzhu, a farmer from Longsha Town in Tengzhou City, Shandong Province, has achieved remarkable success in potato farming, producing over 5,000 kilograms per mu with an output value of around 10,000 yuan. His detailed and effective planting methods have become a model for local farmers. Here is a summary of his experience. First, he carefully selects virus-free seed potatoes. He uses Dutch 7 varieties imported from the northeast, known for their high yield and disease resistance. This choice ensures strong, healthy plants right from the start. Next, he prepares the seeds properly. In mid-January, the seed potatoes are dried under the sun for one day to reduce moisture. Then, they are sorted to remove any diseased, rotten, or misshapen ones. After that, the seeds are stored in a room at 20-25°C for 15 days to encourage sprouting. Once the buds appear, the potatoes are cut into pieces weighing 20-25 grams each. Larger tubers are cut in a spiral shape, ensuring the top part with the most buds is used effectively. The cut pieces are then placed in an insulated room with a 5 cm layer of sand soil at the bottom, followed by the cut pieces arranged upright. Each layer is covered with sand and grasshoppers, maintaining a temperature of 15-25°C. The environment is kept moist but not wet, and germination takes about 20 days. When the shoots reach 1-2 cm in length, they are moved to a cooler, shaded area (10-15°C) to control growth and promote lateral bud development. In early February, Mr. Zhao builds greenhouses using cement pillars and bamboo arches, creating three rows of structures that are 8 meters wide and 2 meters tall. He covers them with plastic film to raise the soil temperature, which is essential for early planting. For soil preparation, he applies 5,000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre before winter, deeply plows the land, and loosens it twice in late spring. Before sowing, he uses 200 grams of soil conditioner mixed with 100 kg of water and sprays it on the surface. In mid-February, when the ground temperature at 10 cm depth is above 0°C and there’s no cold wind, he plants the potatoes in double rows with 80 cm between ridges and 20-25 cm spacing between plants. A total of 6,000 to 8,000 plants per mu are planted. Two shallow furrows are made on each ridge, and 10 kg of no-tillage fertilizer is applied between the rows. The planting depth is 10-12 cm, and the ridges are raised to 15 cm. After planting, the ridges are shaped into a "concave" form and covered with a 90 cm wide mulch to retain moisture and warmth. From sowing to emergence, the temperature is carefully controlled—daytime between 16-20°C and nighttime between 12-15°C. Early on, small vents are opened to release harmful gases. By mid-March, when temperatures rise to 20°C, the greenhouse film is ventilated from 9 AM to 3 PM. By late April, when outside temperatures are consistently above 20°C during the day and 12°C at night, full ventilation is allowed overnight. The film is still used when temperatures drop. Throughout the growing season, the greenhouse film is gently shaken to remove condensation and improve light penetration. After emergence, the plants are watered once, and two more waterings are done during tuber expansion to keep the soil moist without flooding. Topdressing with compound fertilizer (30g/mu) and weekly applications of natural solution help boost growth. Finally, he harvests the potatoes when the tubers reach 5-6 cm in diameter, typically in mid-May. His meticulous approach ensures high-quality yields and long-term profitability.

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