Greenhouse sericulture offers significant advantages, particularly in terms of labor efficiency and large-scale production. By using greenhouses instead of traditional indoor methods, many time-consuming tasks such as mulberry leaf preparation, silkworm rearing, sorting, and waste removal can be eliminated. This greatly reduces the need for manual labor, lowers physical strain, and increases overall productivity. According to reports, labor requirements in greenhouse sericulture are about 60% less than those in conventional indoor methods.
Another major benefit is cost reduction and increased profitability for silkworm farmers. Greenhouse-based large-scale sericulture allows for a much higher number of silkworms to be raised compared to traditional methods. On average, this leads to a 30% reduction in costs and a 6 to 7 times increase in net income. For an average household, this translates to an annual income of around 20,000 yuan.
In addition, the controlled environment of greenhouses improves both the yield and quality of cocoons. The spacious, well-ventilated conditions in greenhouses ensure fresh air circulation, while thin silkworm beds provide optimal growth conditions. As a result, disease incidence is lower, and the larval survival rate, cocoon quality, and overall yield are significantly better than in indoor setups.
Although the basic techniques of greenhouse sericulture are similar to those used indoors, several key points must be emphasized. First, ants are a serious threat in greenhouses, so it's essential to use chlordane powder on the floor after sericulture begins. Covering the ground with plastic mulch before introducing larvae can also help prevent ant infestations. Second, timing is crucial when moving silkworms into the greenhouse. It’s best to introduce them on the third day of their life, as younger silkworms are more vulnerable. They should be raised in smaller, controlled spaces until they reach the fifth instar stage before being moved to the main area.
Temperature and humidity control is another critical factor. Greenhouse conditions directly affect silkworm development, so regular monitoring and adjustment are necessary. When temperatures are low, additional lighting or heating (such as underfloor heating) may be needed. In warmer seasons, proper ventilation through windows and vents helps maintain ideal conditions. Humidity levels should also be managed—increased ventilation during rainy days or the use of dry materials and electric fans can help reduce moisture.
Proper management of the shed is essential. Even though greenhouses offer more space, effective ventilation and dehumidification are vital. Farmers should monitor silkworm maturity closely. When about 5% of the silkworms show signs of readiness, ecdysteroids can be applied to induce molting. Afterward, silkworms should be gathered and moved to the upper areas of the shed. Once the first batch of cocoons is formed, remaining silkworms should be handled similarly until all are ready. Afterward, it’s important to clean up any leftover waste and properly position the cocoons to ensure good air circulation.
Finally, proper mulberry tree management is essential for consistent leaf supply. A rotational pruning method should be used, with different areas pruned at different intervals. Light pruning involves cutting back 1 meter of new growth, while heavy pruning cuts 0.8 meters without summer harvesting. Spring silkworms benefit from heavy pruning, while summer silkworms require careful selection of leaves based on age. Proper pruning not only ensures high-quality leaves but also promotes healthy plant growth and winter bud retention.
By following these practices, greenhouse sericulture becomes a sustainable, efficient, and profitable alternative to traditional methods.
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