Solar greenhouse autumn-winter celery is a special type of celery cultivated in greenhouses to ensure a continuous supply during the colder months, with harvesting taking place before the Spring Festival. The planting process typically starts with seedling cultivation in early autumn (late August to September), followed by transplanting in late autumn (around late October). Below are the key techniques for high-yield cultivation:
First, selecting the right variety is crucial. Recommended varieties include "Kaifeng Glass Crisp," "Tsingnan South Real Celery," and "American Celery." These varieties are known for their good growth, high yield, and resistance to diseases.
Second, seedling cultivation involves several important steps. First, choose a well-drained, fertile seedbed with loose soil or sandy loam. For every 0.1 mu of land, apply 300–500 kg of organic fertilizer and 2–4 kg of urea or other fine fertilizers. Mix the soil thoroughly before sowing.
Next, seed treatment is essential. Soak the seeds in cold water for 12–24 hours, then rub them by hand to remove the waxy coating. Place them in a cool area (15–20°C), water daily, and turn them twice a day until about 50% of the seeds show signs of germination. At that point, they can be sown.
When sowing, choose early morning or late afternoon to avoid direct sunlight. Water the seedbed thoroughly before sowing, and spread the seeds evenly. After sowing, cover the seeds with a thin layer of sand (0.5–1 cm) and install a small frame to maintain moisture. Within about six days, the seedlings will emerge, and the frame should be gradually removed. After watering, be cautious of high temperatures and rain. During the seedling stage, apply fertilizer 1–2 times, using 0.1–1.5 kg of urea per 0.1 mu of seedbed.
Third, land preparation is vital for successful planting. In the greenhouse, apply 5,000 kg of farmyard manure per acre, along with 50–60 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 30–50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate as base fertilizer. Once the seedlings are 50–60 days old and have 5–6 true leaves, they can be transplanted. Water the seedlings before transplanting to make it easier to lift them. You can plant them either in double rows or single rows, with spacing of 15 cm between plants and 10 cm from the hole. The planting depth should follow the principle of “shallow roots, deep planting.â€
Fourth, post-transplant management is critical. Before the seedlings adjust, water them again after planting for 2–3 days. Once the heart leaves turn green and new roots develop, gently loosen the soil around the roots to promote root growth and prevent the outer leaves from becoming too long, which could affect quality.
After the seedlings adapt, temperature control becomes important. From planting until the Spring Festival, keep the temperature between 15°C and 22°C. Cover the greenhouse with plastic films before and after frost. If snow or freezing temperatures occur after mid-November, use straw mats for additional protection. On sunny days when temperatures rise at noon, ventilate the greenhouse to reduce heat.
Watering and fertilization should be carefully managed. Keep the soil consistently moist by watering the ground. Based on the initial fertilizer applied during land preparation, soil fertility, and crop growth, apply topdressing twice, using 15–20 kg of diammonium or 20–25 kg of ammonium sulfate each time. Additionally, use carbon dioxide gas fertilizer and foliar sprays to enhance growth and quality.
Finally, pest control is essential throughout the growing season. Monitor regularly and take preventive measures to avoid infestations, ensuring healthy and high-quality celery production.
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