The so-called solar greenhouse autumn-winter celery is a special cultivation method that starts with seedling production in early autumn (late August to September), followed by planting in late autumn (late October), and the final harvest takes place before the Spring Festival. This technique ensures high yields and quality, and the key steps are as follows:
First, selecting the right varieties is crucial. Recommended varieties include "Kaifeng Glass Crisp," "Tsingnan South Real Celery," and "American Celery." These varieties are known for their good growth, disease resistance, and high yield potential.
Second, the seedling stage requires careful attention. The first step is choosing a suitable seedbed—preferably one with good drainage, loose soil, and rich nutrients, such as sandy loam. For every 0.1 mu of land, it's recommended to add 300–500 kg of organic fertilizer and 2–4 kg of urea or other fine fertilizers. The soil should be thoroughly mixed and prepared before sowing.
Next, seed treatment plays an important role. Seeds should be soaked in cold water for 12–24 hours, then rubbed by hand to remove the waxy coating. Afterward, they should be placed in a cool, shaded area at 15–20°C. Water should be sprinkled daily to keep them moist and turned twice a day until about 50% of the seeds show signs of germination.
For sowing, it's best to do it in the morning or after 5 p.m. The seedbed should be watered thoroughly before sowing, and the seeds should be evenly distributed once the water has been absorbed. After sowing, cover the seeds with a thin layer of sand (0.5–1.0 cm) and install a small arch frame to maintain moisture. Within about six days, the seedlings will emerge, and the arch frame can be gradually removed. After watering, care must be taken to avoid high temperatures and heavy rain. During the seedling period, two top-dressings are usually applied, using 0.1–1.5 kg of urea per 0.1 mu of land.
Third, preparing the field is essential. In the greenhouse, apply 5,000 kg of farmyard manure per acre, along with 50–60 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 30–50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate as base fertilizer. Once the seedlings are 50–60 days old and have 5–6 true leaves, they can be transplanted. Before transplanting, water the seedlings to make it easier to lift them. Plants can be planted in single or double rows, with spacing of 15 cm between plants and 10 cm from the hole. The planting depth should follow the principle of "shallow roots, deep anchoring."
After planting, proper management is key. Before the seedlings adjust to the new environment, water should be provided for 2–3 days. When the heart leaves turn green and new roots develop, gently loosen the soil around the roots to promote root growth and prevent the outer leaves from becoming too long, which could affect the quality.
Once the seedlings have adjusted, temperature control becomes important. From planting until the Spring Festival, the ideal temperature range is 15–22°C. Cover the greenhouse with plastic films before and after frost. If snow or extremely low temperatures occur after mid-November, use straw mats for additional protection. On sunny days when temperatures rise at noon, ensure proper ventilation to reduce heat stress.
Water and fertilizer management should be carefully handled. Keep the soil consistently moist by watering the ground regularly. Based on the initial fertilizer application, soil fertility, and plant growth, it's generally advisable to apply two top-dressings combined with watering. Each application should include 15–20 kg of diammonium phosphate or 20–25 kg of ammonium sulfate. Additionally, carbon dioxide gas fertilizer and foliar sprays can be used to enhance growth and productivity.
Finally, pest control is essential. Regular monitoring and timely intervention with safe and effective methods help protect the crop from diseases and pests, ensuring a healthy and high-quality harvest.
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