1. Insulate the ground temperature both inside and outside the greenhouse by using foam plastic sheets. At the junction where the greenhouse film meets the ground on the front side, install a 50 to 60 cm wide and 1 to 2 cm thick layer of foam plastic along the entire length of the greenhouse. This will effectively reduce heat conduction between the internal and external ground temperatures, helping maintain a stable environment within the greenhouse.
2. Cover the straw curtain with a polyethylene film for better insulation. After placing the straw curtain in the evening, cover it with a layer of polyethylene film that matches the width of the straw and the length of the greenhouse. Secure the edges with sand-filled woven bags to prevent moisture from rain, snow, or fog from damaging the straw. This method not only protects the curtain but also raises the greenhouse temperature by 2°C to 3°C, improving overall thermal efficiency.
3. Install reflective film on the north wall of the greenhouse. By adding aluminized reflective film on the inner surface of the northern wall, light intensity can be increased even on cloudy days, which helps raise the indoor temperature by approximately 2°C. This improves light distribution, enhances photosynthesis in lower leaves and fruits, and supports better fruit color development and growth of crops like tomatoes.
4. Fill the operation lines with wheat straw. Dig slightly along the operation lines and push the soil to both sides to increase light exposure and promote root growth. Then fill the lines with 10 to 15 cm of wheat straw or crushed straw. This helps reduce humidity, improve soil aeration, raise soil temperature, and increase carbon dioxide levels, all of which benefit plant health and productivity.
5. Use dust and aerosols for pest control during rainy periods. High humidity and low temperatures often lead to disease outbreaks. To prevent this, avoid increasing humidity inside the greenhouse. Using dust and aerosol-based treatments is an effective way to manage pests and diseases without raising moisture levels, ensuring a healthier growing environment.
6. Implement proper watering and fertilization techniques during cold weather. Avoid watering during consecutive rainy days and instead water only during midday on sunny days. Use small amounts of water for irrigation. Avoid chemical fertilizers and opt for active bio-fertilizers mixed with foliar sprays such as live amino acid, boron, calcium, and potassium fertilizers, combined with a 1% glucose solution. This helps supply essential nutrients under low-temperature and low-light conditions, reducing the risk of physiological stress in plants.
7. Remove excess and unhealthy leaves promptly. Prune diseased, old, yellow, and lateral leaves, removing them from the base. When fruits reach the green stage, remove all leaves below the ripening fruits. Afterward, apply a broad-spectrum fungicide to promote fruit growth, improve air circulation, and enhance fruit coloring.
8. Assist pollination for better fruit set. Tomatoes are self-pollinating, but environmental conditions can affect fruit setting. Two methods can help: First, gently shake the flower clusters two days before blooming under low humidity conditions. Second, during cold seasons, manually pollinate with pollen once or twice daily after 9:00 AM on sunny mornings.
9. Accelerate fruit coloring with "Hongguo 88". For low-temperature tomato cultivation, long color conversion periods can lead to poor fruit color and storage quality. Applying "Hongguo 88" through 2 to 3 consecutive injections helps improve fruit color, increases marketability, and allows earlier harvesting by about a week.
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