1. Insulate the ground temperature inside and outside the greenhouse by using foam plastic sheets. Along the junction where the plastic film meets the ground on the front side of the greenhouse, lay a 50-60 cm wide and 1-2 cm thick foam sheet. This helps prevent heat loss through the ground, reducing thermal conduction between the inside and outside of the greenhouse. The length of the foam sheet should match the width of the greenhouse for optimal insulation.
2. Cover the straw curtain with a polyethylene film to protect it from moisture and improve insulation. After placing the straw curtain in the evening, cover it with a polyethylene sheet that matches the width and length of the curtain. Secure the edges with sand or woven bags. This not only prevents rain, snow, or fog from damaging the straw but also helps raise the internal temperature by 2–3°C, enhancing overall efficiency during cold periods.
3. Install reflective film on the northern wall of the greenhouse to increase light intensity and warmth. Aluminized reflective film placed on the inner surface of the north wall can enhance light distribution, especially on cloudy days, and raise the indoor temperature by about 2°C. This improves photosynthesis, increases fruit color development, and promotes better growth of lower leaves and fruits.
4. Fill the operation lines with wheat straw or crushed straw to improve soil conditions. Dig slightly along the operation lines and spread the straw on both sides of the ridge. This increases light exposure and supports root development. The straw layer, about 10–15 cm thick, reduces humidity, enhances soil aeration, raises the temperature, and increases carbon dioxide levels, which are beneficial for plant growth.
5. Use aerosols and dusts to control pests and diseases without increasing humidity. During continuous rainy weather, high humidity often leads to disease outbreaks. Using dry formulations like aerosols and dusts is effective in controlling pests and preventing disease without adding moisture to the air, making it ideal for greenhouse environments.
6. Implement proper watering and fertilization practices during low temperatures. Avoid watering on consecutive rainy days and instead water during midday on sunny days. Use small amounts of water for irrigation. Instead of chemical fertilizers, apply active bio-fertilizers mixed with foliar sprays such as live amino acid, boron, calcium, and potassium fertilizers, combined with a 1% glucose solution. This ensures nutrient supply under low-temperature and low-light conditions, helping prevent physiological stress in plants.
7. Prune excess leaves and remove diseased or yellowing foliage promptly. Cut off old, yellow, or diseased leaves, as well as lateral branches, at their base. Once the fruits reach the green stage, remove all leaves below the ripening fruits. After pruning, spray a broad-spectrum fungicide to promote fruit growth, improve air circulation, and aid in fruit coloring.
8. Assist pollination to improve fruit set. Tomatoes are self-pollinating, but environmental factors can affect fruit setting. Two methods can be used: First, gently shake the flower clusters two days before blooming when humidity is low. Second, during colder months, manually pollinate with pollen once or twice daily after 9:00 AM on sunny mornings.
9. Promote early fruit coloring using "Hongguo 88" to accelerate ripening. In low-temperature cultivation, tomatoes may take longer to color, affecting marketability. Applying "Hongguo 88" through 2–3 consecutive injections helps speed up fruit coloring, improves quality, and allows for earlier harvest by about a week, increasing profitability.
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