The use of greenhouses to plant watermelons, off-season market, higher selling prices, growing larger and larger areas, but many farmers still lack the experience of planting watermelons in greenhouses, especially the greenhouse fertilizer technology is still lack of understanding. Here, according to the planting experience of Shandong Shouguang, Jiyang and other land melon farmers, the author discussed some opinions on the fertilization technology of greenhouse watermelons for reference by farmers.
Watermelons are hi-fertilizer crops and have a short growth period, but they require large amounts of fertilizer. The potassium uptake occurs during the whole growth period, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. The absorption of N, P and K in different growth stages of watermelon is different.
First, the application of basal fertilizer
Basal fertilizer generally accounts for 70% of the total amount of fertilized watermelon, mainly organic fertilizer, with appropriate application of quantitative fertilizer. Generally, 5000 to 6,000 kg of organic fertilizer is used per acre, 80 kg of no-tillage potassium sulfate, 10 kg of urea, 15 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 25 kg of potassium sulfate. Two-thirds of the organic fertilizer is applied to the flat surface during the soil preparation, and the remaining one-third of the fertilizer is applied under the ridge when the fertilizer is ridiculed. Planting watermelons in greenhouses and improper use of fertilizers may easily cause soil salt damage and soil compaction. Therefore, try to use no-tillage fertilizer or sufficient amount of organic fertilizer to increase the permeability of the soil, which is beneficial to the growth of the watermelon roots in the early stage.
Second, the top dressing application
The top dressing of watermelon should grasp the principle of lightly applying Miaofei, skillfully applying vine spread manure, and re-applying Swelling Manure, and should be top dressing in the early stage of watermelon vine extension and watermelon expansion stage respectively. Specific should grasp the following key links:
1. Miao Fei. Seedling stage can decide whether to top-dressing and top-dressing times based on seedling growth and soil conditions. The soil is fertile, the amount of basal fertilizer is large, and the growth of seedlings is robust. The soil is thin, the amount of base fertilizer is small, and when the melon seedlings grow poorly, the topdressing fertilizer is applied once. In the regimental period (4 to 6 leaves), 10 kg of urea is applied. Combined with topdressing, foliar spray 4000 times liquid Shuofeng 481.
2. Extension period. During this period, the watermelon internodes are rapidly elongated, the leaf area is increased, the roots are basically formed, the absorption capacity is enhanced, and the amount of fertilizer is required to increase. In the extension period, more nitrogen is absorbed, less potassium and less phosphorus. About 30 days after planting, when the vines grow to 70 cm, chase 1 vine spread fertilizer, generally accounting for 30% of the total top dressing. The organic fertilizer is mainly used, and appropriate quantitative fertilizer is applied to promote the growth and development of the plants, so that the melon vines form. Larger groups lay the foundation for nutrition. The specific method is: 25 centimeters from the root outside the film, about 30 centimeters deep, 30 centimeters wide and fertilize the ditch, Mushi applies 2,000 kilograms of fertilized quality manure, 25 kilograms of no-tillage, water the soil, and extend the vinegar. Extend the vine in the middle and late period is generally no longer top dressing, so as to avoid excessive growth of watermelon, affect the sitting melon.
3. Swelling period. From the first female flower of the melons to the maturity of the fruit, 30 to 40 days, this period is the vegetative and reproductive growth of the watermelon, which is accompanied by a vigorous growth and the main shift from vegetative growth to reproductive growth is mainly the rapid absorption phase of the fertilizer. During the period of peak fertilizer requirement of watermelon, the absorption of N, P, and K accounts for about 85% of the total, of which the absorption during the expansion period is the highest, accounting for about 75%, and the absorption of potassium is the most during flowering. Swelling period is the peak period of watermelon need fertilizer, and it is also the key period of topdressing. Swelling melon can promote fruit enlargement and increase watermelon yield. Phosphorus and potash fertilizers were the main types, and nitrogen fertilizer was appropriately controlled. The amount of fertilizer used accounted for 50% of the total amount of topdressing, and it was applied twice. After 4~5 days of Xiehua, the size of the fruit egg, Mushi potassium sulfate no-fertilizer 25 kg, 15 kg of diammonium phosphate, 5 kg of urea, 15 days after Xie Hua, the size of the fruit bowl, chasing the second swell Fertilizer, fertilizer 25 kg per mu, 15-20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10-15 kg of potassium sulfate, watering the hole.
4. Top dressing. In the late stage of growth of watermelon, if the melons appear yellow and premature aging, the high-energy red potassium can be sprayed on the leaves for 1000 times, and the available boron can be 1000-1500 times for rapid nutrition supplementation.
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