Scientific name Ectropis obliqua hypulina Wehrli Lepidoptera, Geometridae. Synonyms E. obliqua Warren, Boarmia obliqua hypulina. Common name arch arches, arch dorsalis, hanging filaments. Distribution Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Guangdong, Fujian and other provinces.
Host tea, soybeans, kidney beans, sesame seeds, sunflowers, hot peppers, etc.
The characteristics of the larvae gnaw on the leaf blade arcing nicks, all the severely occurring leaves were eaten, leaving only bald branches, resulting in debilitating tree vigor, poor cold resistance, and susceptible to freezing injury. During the July-September period, the victims were heavy during summer and autumn tea. The worm is one of the major pests of tea plants in China. Because this insect has many algebras, it breeds quickly and spreads rapidly, and it is easy to overwhelm.
Morphological characteristics Adult body length 9-12mm, wingspan 20-30mm, male smaller. The head is small, the compound eye is black and nearly spherical, antennae are filiform, gray-brown. The whole body is grey and white, the back of the head is thick with scales and fluff, the surface of the wings is dark brown, and the front wings are composed of dark brown scales, one horizontal line, one horizontal line, one outer edge line, and one outer edge line. Curved into wavy lines. The outer edge of the line is slightly darker, with seven black dots along the outer edge. There are gray margins on the outer edge and the trailing edge; the hind wings are shorter, and the outer edge has 5 dark spots, and the margins are gray and white. The feet are gray and white, mixed with black scales, a pair of mid-distal portions of the mid-thigh joint, rear hind foot center, and end. Body size and body color vary from season to season, with large body sizes and darker body colors in the fall; ripples on the fin surface are noticeable. Egg length 1mm, oval. Early green, grayish brown, black before hatching. Constant ten to hundred grains piled, covered with white floc. Larvae last instar larvae body length 26-30mm, body cylindrical, brown head. The newly hatched larvae are black, 1.5 mm in length, and have large heads. Each section of the chest and abdomen has white vertical lines and small white dots in the ring. The 1st instar larvae were brown in the later period and the white lines gradually disappeared; the 2nd instar larvae were 4-6mm in length, and the body was dark brown and white lines disappeared. The back of the first section of the abdomen had 2 indistinct dark spots. On the back, two dark brown markings are evident; the third instar larvae are 7-9 mm long, dark brown, and the black spots on the back of the first section of the abdomen are distinct. The back of the second section has a black pattern with a “person†shape. The back of the eighth section is also There are inconspicuous inverted "person" shape black lines; 4th instar larvae body length 13 l 6mm, light brownish brown, abdomen 2-4 knots on the back with indistinct gray-black "back" shape markings, the sixth quarter on both sides of the two Indistinct black lines, on the back of the eighth quarter, the inverted "human" shape markings are obvious, and there is a pair of small protrusions; the 5th instar larvae are 18-22mm long, gray, body markings are similar to the 4th instar larvae, but more than 4 instars Larvae are obvious. The dragonfly is 10 to 14mm long and has a long oval shape. Dark brown, darker head. The antennae and wing buds reached the fourth section of the abdomen, and each of the two sides of the fifth abdominal section had an ocular-shaped spot. The hip spines were nearly triangular in shape, and the thorns of the male thorns had a bifurcated short thorn at the end.
Living habits Zhejiang 6-7 generations, Anhui, Jiangsu 5-6 generations, to the winter in the top soil under the canopy. In the middle and early March of the following year, adults lay their eggs and lay eggs. In early April, the first generation larvae originated and injure spring tea. The second-generation larvae occur from late May to early June, and then occur about once every other month. After October, the mature larvae gradually enter the earth and pass winter. The progress of overwintering and emergence is different. There are many algebras and irregularities. Each generation can be divided after one or two generations can be distinguished. The life span of each generation varies according to the climate. Zhejiang Hangzhou has an average temperature of about 18°C ​​for about 56 days, the second generation has an average temperature of 21°C for about 4l days, the three generations have an average temperature of about 26°C for about 34 days, the fourth and fifth generations have an average temperature of about 28°C for about 30 days, and the overwinter generation lasts for 6 months. Adults are more likely to emerge from dusk until dawn, and spread their wings during the day. They rest in the tea bush and quickly fly away after being frightened. In the early evening, the females were weak in flight, and the males were lively, strong in flight, and phototaxis. Adults copulate on the day after the emergence or on the first half of the next day. Spawning starts on dusk the following day, and spawning occurs most frequently at 8 to 12 pm. Eggs are piled on dry cracks in tea branches, earth seams, deciduous soil or foliage, covered with white floc. In general, each female lays eggs once a day, and one egg is produced 2-4 times, mostly 2 times. Spawning capacity of more than 300 tablets, more than 700 tablets. Under normal circumstances, the eggs can all be produced. If they are frightened when they spawn, they will stop spawning, leave their eggs in the abdomen and die prematurely. Female moths that are not copulated can also lay eggs but cannot hatch. Adults die 2-3 days after spawning. The average temperature of 10 °C around the life of an adult 8 lo day, l 9 °C 6 - 7 days, 24-27 °C 3 - 5 days, when the average temperature is higher than 27 °C when the adverse adult breeding, no eggs or rapid death. The eggs hatched neatly, and the hatching rate was high. The average temperature was ll°C and the egg period was 23 days. The average temperature was 20°C and the egg period was lo days. The average temperature was 24-28°C and only 6-7 days. The newly hatched larvae stopped feeding on young leaves after half a day. The l-instar larvae only bite on the upper epidermis and leaf of the shoots, resulting in brown spotted foliar spots on the buds; 2nd instars form bites from the edge of the young leaves to form a nick; after 3rd instar, the food intake is greatly increased, often involving veins and petioles. After eating, the average leaf area per head of 3-5 instar larvae was 62.6 cm2. The larvae are afraid of the sun, sunny days - more hiding in the back of the leaves or the shade of the tea season, to climb the branches of the tail, the body off the branch, the shape of a dry branch, early in the morning and evening feeding the most. Suddenly drooling after being disturbed. Larvae 4-5 years old, first and second generations are 4 instars, 3rd and 4th and 5th instars, 3rd generation and 5th instars account for 78%, 4th generation accounts for 52%, 5th generation accounts for 42%, 6th generation accounts for 30%. Every time before and after the pupa, there is a resting process that does not move for a day or two. The larval duration of each generation is generally 13-19 days, except for wintering and first generation, which are 30 days and 24 days respectively. The duration is closely related to the temperature. The average temperature is about 24 days at 12°C, 19 days at 26°C, and about 13 days at 29°C. After the larvae matured, they drooped and drooped to the underside of the crown of the tea bush to dissolve the earthworms. Before the larvae were built, a soil chamber was built. After 1-2 days, the soil depth was generally 1-2cm, and the overwintering depth was about 2-4cm. Most of the buried parts were mostly 5 cm deep within a radius of 33 cm from the root, and the wintering earthworms were mostly on the sunny side of the tea tree. In addition to the first generation of 13 days in the flood season, the 2-5th generations are 6-7 days, and the overwintering lice are more than 5 months old. The size ruler is greatly affected by external environmental conditions, and there is often a gap in its size. The climate and natural enemies have a greater impact on it. If the winter is particularly cold, the mortality rate of overwintering will be high, and the base number of insects will be reduced in the following year. The generally cloudy and overcast climate favours the occurrence of this worm, which is very harmful. When the relative humidity is 80 to 90%, the eggs are hatched. If the climate is dry, the relative humidity is lower than 75% and the egg hatching and adult emergence rate are reduced. To shelter from the sun and the warmer microclimate tea gardens, a generation of tea feet was born early and heavy. The high tea plantation often occurs in plain tea gardens. Sandy loams are more severe than viscous heavy plated and gravel sands. Natural enemies mainly have tea feet, velvet bees, and white velvet bees.
Control methods (1) Selection of insect-resistant varieties such as fennel tea anti-tea ruler. (2) In the fall and winter, the basal fertilizer is ploughed in depth to remove the earthworms, and the earthworms in the top soil under the canopy are removed to reduce the source of insects. (3) Put chicken ticks. (4) Use of larvae after frightened, drooping drooping habitual manual killing. (5) Chemical control The occurrence of the 1st and 2nd generations of the insects was relatively neat. There were overlapping generations of the 3 generations. The tea scales before the 3rd generation were eliminated on the production, which played an important role in controlling the disease throughout the year. On this basis, attention was paid to July and August. Prevention. During the occurrence period, spray 50% phoxim EC or 50% chlorinated pine EC, 90% crystal trichlorfon, 50% dibromophosphorous EC 1000 times or 50% nitrocarbonitrile, 98% Bataan WP 1000 times , 80% dichlorvos 1000-1500 times, 2.5% deltamethrin or 10% permethrin, 35% Saitan 2000-3000 times, 10% Uranus 5000 times, 25% Xin * A, cyanogen 2000 - 3000 times liquid. The worm prefers to feed in the early morning and early evening. It is best to arrange spraying at 4-9 and 15-20. (5) To promote the application of tea maggot nuclear polyhedrosis virus to 1, 2, 5, and 6 generations of tea ulnatus, and biological control.
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