1 Variety Selection Currently, there are three varieties of yam, which are longhair yam, yam yam and Japanese yam. Both fine long hair yam and yam yam belong to the common yam long column variety. Japanese yam is a variety with strong adaptability, good quality, high yield and promising development.
2 Soil selection and planing The cultivation of yams should be done in sandy loam soil or light loam soil with fertile, loose, convenient irrigation and drainage, avoid salt and alkali and clay soil, and the soil configuration must be uniform, at least 1-1.2m soil layer can not There are clay, clay sand and other sandwiches. Otherwise it will affect the appearance of tubers, also have an impact on quality. Planing ditch should be carried out in the winter and spring farming season, according to 100cm and other row spacing or 60--80cm size row, take "three turns and one loose" (that is, turning soil 3 锹, 4 锹 soil loose only turn over) method. Groove depth to reach 100 - 120cm, conditional can take mechanical planing.
There are 3 methods for preparing seedlings for 3 seedlings: one is to use yam seedlings, and the other is to take a section where the tubers have buds, and the length is about 20--40cm; the second is to use yam seedlings to divide the tubers by 8-10cm. Into the paragraph: The third is the use of yam pills. It is better to use seedlings to grow seedlings with more than zero seeds, followed by planting 1--2a yam seedlings, which cannot be used for more than 3 years. The use of yam tubers as seedlings is an advanced cultivation method, which not only solves the problem of insufficient yam tubers, but also yields high yields and can prevent the degradation of varieties. The yam segment is cut, and when it is usually planted, it is cut and trimmed. It is soaked in 300-times solution of carbendazim for 1- 2 min, and can be sown after drying. Fine hairy yam and yam yam can be cut into sections 30 days ahead of time. There is a layer of grass ash and lime at both ends of the incision to reduce the infestation of pathogens.
4 Trimming, irrigating, smashing and smashing the soil excavated in Shanyaogou, removing the brick stones, and backfilling it to make a ditch lower than 10cm above the ground surface, leaving only the mature soil of the tillage layer to prepare the soil for planting. use. After the gully is done well, it should be filled with water after being leveled and then water can be planted after seepage.
5. Method of cultivation The cultivation of Chinese yam has differences due to climatic conditions. It is generally required that the ground surface temperature of 5cm can be stable beyond 9--10°C. Conditional film can also be used to cover. The general method is: after irrigating the yam ditch, the seedlings are laid flat in the center of a deep sorghum 10cm deep, which is prepared in advance. The plant spacing is about 25cm, the density is 4000-4500 strains/667m2, and then the cover soil is 5cm. Fertilize 20cm on both sides of yam. General soil fertiliser 3000kg/667 square meters, urea 10-15kg/667 square meters, potassium sulfate 40--50kg/667 square meters, superphosphate 60--75kg/667 square meters, maturity cottonseed cake 30- -40kg/667 square meters, after fertilization, cover the soil with 5cm above and make it a small high ridge.
6 Scientific Management
6.1 Overhead cultivation of yam throws strips a few days after emergence and cannot be erected. Therefore, it is necessary to support the vine. Generally use a small rod about 1.5m for the best stent.
6.2 Watering, Draining, and Changing Water Yam Nature Sunny weather, low air humidity, and high soil temperature require watering for 5-7 times in a lifetime. In the case of pouring enough water at the bottom, the first water is generally watered when the seedlings are basically flushed to promote emergence and rooting. The second water is better not to be late, not to wait for the head water to see dry, that is, depending on the rainfall situation, Watered once every 15 days. In the rainy season, after each heavy rainfall, the accumulated water should be drained in time and the garden should be replaced with water. The purpose is to reduce the temperature of the ground, supplement the soil air, and control the incidence and death.
6.3 Fertilizer application requires large amount of yam, and the yield of yam should be 2000-2500 kg/667 square meters. Pure N 10.7kg, P205 7.3kg, and K20 8.7kg are required. The ratio is 1.5:1. 0:1.2. According to relevant research data, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is the highest at 1.5:1.0:3.0, and on the basis of sufficient basal fertilization, one top dressing can be carried out at the flowering stage, which is about to enter tuber expansion stage. , Can be combined with topdressing urea 15kg, potassium sulfate 15--20kg, late growth can be sprayed with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1% urea, to prevent premature aging.
6.4 Cultivated and cultivating yam When germination occurs, it may cause soil compaction and affect seedling emergence. It should immediately loosen and break the soil. After each watering and precipitation, shallow ploughing should be carried out to maintain good permeability of the soil and to promote tuber enlargement. In the production of yam, weeding should be done in time. Prior to emergence, soil weeding can be performed with either landamide or acetochlor. Before emergence, weeds can be used to prevent weeds or weeds.
6.5 Pest and disease control mainly includes brown spot and anthrax. Brown spot mainly damages the leaves. The main methods of prevention and control are to avoid the high temperature between the lines, and to pay attention to the discharge of sputum. 70% thiophanate-methyl and 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder are sprayed at the early stage of the disease, sprayed once every 10 days, and sprayed twice consecutively. Anthracnose mainly damages the leaves and cane. The prevention method is to implement crop rotation to eliminate the diseased body in time. Spray 50% thiophanate-methyl or 50% thiram WP in the initial stage of disease, spray once in 10 days, and continuously spray 2-- 3 times.
Insect pests mainly include yam peaks, which mainly feed on the leaves and eat the leaves into a net shape, resulting in a severe reduction in production. Control method is to use high efficiency and low toxicity of pyrethroid pesticides (such as the enemy killed, Bai Shude, etc.) spray.
6.6 The stems and leaves of yams will die when they are frosted. Generally, the normal harvest period is before the frost falls to freezing. The harvest of the zero sons generally takes 30 days earlier than the tubers, and the yam is harvested and stored in the cellar in winter. The temperature is 4 -7 °C is appropriate.
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