Since the beginning of autumn, several readers in Fushun and other places have called for advice on how to build vegetable greenhouses. A peasant friend recently called and said that he has been working outside for a long time and returned to his hometown this year to prepare for the development of vegetable production. Hearing that it is more affordable to build greenhouses to grow early spring vegetables, I do not know how to build it? On November 3rd, the reporter took the issue and consulted Jiang Shushan, a senior agronomist who specializes in technical guidance for the Chengdu City Kunshan City Vegetable Garden.
Reporter: What problems should be paid attention to when building a greenhouse?
Jiang Yushan: First of all, focus on the technical aspects. Some people always think that building a shed is to keep warm, and you can just lay it up. In actual fact, it is necessary to receive proper cultivation effects on limited land, and the technological content of building sheds is not low.
In most areas of our province, the construction of a winter greenhouse is in November. The skeleton construction is usually done within this month. In December, the plastic film is covered to prepare for the transplanting of early spring vegetables at the beginning of next year.
Since greenhouses are relatively fixed and long-term cultivation facilities and require energy and financial resources, they must be planned before construction, especially for large-scale, concentrated and contiguous greenhouse bases, but also based on natural environmental conditions. With regard to the direction and layout of the greenhouse, the roads, ditches, pools, and housing facilities within the base should be planned in a scientific and rational way so as to ensure the convenience of future production management and the effective use of the land and lay a foundation for high yields and high efficiency.
In general, convenient transportation, flat terrain, open water, convenient drainage, abundant reservoirs, rich rivers or groundwater, high dry terrain, sheltered from the sun, a groundwater level of 0.5 meters or less, and deep and fertile soil. It is best to choose paddy fields, except of course under wet fields.
In addition, it is also important for the shed to go. Generally speaking, it is better to go north-south or slightly south-southwest. That is, the north and south are long sheds and the east and west are sheds. The distance between the east and the west sheds is 0.8-2 meters, and there is a small ditch more than 30 centimeters wide. The distance between the two sheds in the north and the south is about 2-3 meters. It is used for digging water ditch, safety water supply pipeline, and construction of access roads. The narrower the better the shed distance can be on the basis of normal production, the higher the land utilization rate.
Reporter: There are steel structures and bamboo structures in the greenhouse. How should we choose?
Jiang Shaoshan: In the end it is the construction of a steel structure or a bamboo structure, which depends entirely on their own conditions.
Steel sheds are sheds made of steel pipes or other steel shapes that form the shape of a circular arch below, and there are certain economic foundations that can build such sheds. The width of a single arch is generally 6-8 meters, and it can be connected with multiple arches. Single-tube steel sheds are generally sized 1.6 to 2 meters in height, 2.6 to 3.1 meters in height, 6 to 8 meters in span, 25 to 55 meters in length, 1.2 to 1.5 meters in height, and 0.6 to 1.2 meters in distance between steel pipes. Such specifications mainly consider the wind-resistant, snow, and insulation properties of greenhouses. Single-span steel sheds generally cost between 20-40 yuan per square meter. Multi-story greenhouses need to connect the side vents of single-building sheds in pairs, and the ventilation openings need to be installed at the top. Linked sheds are generally used for research activities or display effects, and the structures are complex and expensive to build. It is recommended that they should not be used. Shelf life is 10-15 years without disassembly.
The bamboo structure, that is, the selection of bamboo, varies according to the shape of the building. The round shed or the lower shed can be built. Generally, roots with a diameter of 2-5 cm and a length of 5-10 m can be used. The middle (inside) of the greenhouse is usually supported by a suitable amount of bamboo or wood columns. Round sheds are generally used to produce low-vegetable vegetables such as peppers, tomatoes, potatoes, and eggplants. The construction of the shed is more troublesome and the cost is about 50% higher than that of the round shed, but it can be used to produce elevated crops such as cucumbers, bitter melons, and cowpeas. Due to the prolific production of bamboo in our province, and the construction method of bamboo and wood structure sheds is simple and the construction cost is relatively low, we suggest that we can focus on consideration.
At present, some places use some chemical raw materials to process and produce skeletons of greenhouses. This kind of skeleton has many advantages such as low cost, good molding, corrosion resistance, etc. It is an ideal substitute for various greenhouse frame materials. There is also a kind of composite material greenhouse that uses cement prefabricated parts instead of supporting wooden pillars or bamboo pillars on the inner surface of bamboo-wood sheds, and still uses bamboo to make arches. The benefits of this are low cost of depreciation, good wind resistance, and corrosion resistance. The service life of cement scaffolds is 10-15 years without disassembly; bamboo (wood) arch rods can be dismantled and stored for 2-3 years.
Reporter: Since it is suggested that everyone should consider wood and bamboo structures, please focus on the introduction.
Jiang Shoushan: It's not like saying that bamboo sheds are good, but they are considered from an economic point of view. We will only introduce the construction of a circular shed as an example. Usually, one acre area round shed needs 700 kilograms of bamboo or 1000 kilograms of water bamboo or 900 kilograms of bamboo. The arches can be dismantled and stored for a period of 2-3 years. The construction method of common specifications and materials is that the shed is 6 meters wide. On each side of the shed, drill a hole every 80 to 100 centimeters with steel brazing or other tools. The hole depth is 40 centimeters. According to the size of the selected bamboo, the aperture is 3-5 cm. Then insert the bamboo in the hole, and pull the bamboos on both sides into the middle and tie them together with wire or cloth to make a round arch with an arch height of 2.2 meters. You can also connect the two bamboos on the ground before inserting the holes. Natural molding. In the middle and both sides of a height of 1.5 meters tied a cross bar reinforcement. If there is a need to add pillars in the middle or elsewhere, the ability to withstand wind and rain hazards can be enhanced.
It needs to be reminded that whether it is a round shed or a shed, it is necessary to carefully inspect the shed again before stamping the film. If it is found that there is a rough place to be wrapped with scrap film or cloth, there is a wire tip to hang the film up to the inner surface to deal with, and require that after the film does not have a loss of place.
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