Hawthorn is a unique medicinal and fruitful tree species in China. There are many varieties of hawthorn, and fresh and processed fruits are good for sale in the market. Hawthorn can be cultivated in mountains, plains, hills, sandy lands, acidic or alkaline soils. In view of the low yield and instability of hawthorn production in recent years, the high yield cultivation techniques of hawthorn are summarized below.
1 Soil and Fertilizer Water Management
1.1 Soil management Soil deep-ripening is the basic measure for increasing production. Deep-turning ripening can improve the soil, increase the permeability of the soil, and promote tree growth.
1.2 Fertilizer basal fertilizer, timely basal fertilizer after failure, to supplement the tree nutrients, base fertilizer to organic fertilizer, 3000-4000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre ditch, plus 20 kg of urea, 50 kg of superphosphate, grass ash 500 kg. Fertilizer, generally 3 times in 1 year to recover, in the middle of March when the sap began to flow, each topdressing urea 0.50 - 1 kg, to supplement the nutrients needed for tree growth, to lay a good foundation for improving Fruit set. After culturing, 0.50 kg of urea per plant was used to increase fruit setting rate. Before the flower bud differentiation at the end of July, 0.50 kg of urea, 1.50 kg of superphosphate, and 5 kg of plant ash were used to promote fruit growth and fruit quality.
1.3 Watering Water is usually poured 4 times a year. In spring, irrigation conditions are followed by top-dressing water after top-dressing to promote the absorption and utilization of fertilizers. After flowering, topdressing watering is used to increase fruit setting rate. Pour 1 water after wheat harvest to promote flower bud differentiation and rapid fruit growth. Pouring frozen water, and pouring frozen water in time in winter to facilitate safe wintering of trees.
2 Pruning
2.1 Winter pruning
2.1.1 to prevent bald hernia, due to the branches outside the hawthorn easily branched, often closed outside, the growth of the internal branchlets is weak, dead branches increased year by year, the middle and lower parts of the big branches at all levels gradually bald. Measures to prevent baldness in internal hemorrhoids should adopt the principle of combination of sparseness, contraction, and cut-off and carry out transformation and rejuvenation, and sparsely remove the stems and round stems of round and dense branches and competing branches, leggy branches, disease and insect branches, and shrink and weaken. The main collaterals were selected to retain the buds of the appropriate sites for minor updates and to cultivate robust branches. The methods for cutting and rejuvenating the weak branches and injuring the shoots in the bald areas were modified.
2.1.2 After entering the fruiting period, young trees with short cuts and stubbles can be differentiated into flower buds if they are full of new shoots. The top buds and their 1-4 buds can be differentiated into flower buds. Therefore, they should be used less frequently in cutting hawthorn. Method to protect flower buds.
2.1.3 After the P. viviparum tree entered the fruiting period, many years of continuous results led to drooping shoots, the growth potential gradually weakened, and the shoot sticks appeared on the stems and the yield decreased. Branches should be updated in time to restore tree vigor. For many years of continuous results of the branch or other redundant branches, drooping branches, Jiaozuo branches, perennial long branches, retracted to the strong rear part of the delivery, and the use of the back branches to take the lead, in order to enhance the growth potential, and promote the improvement of yield.
2.2 Summer pruning
2.2.1 The ability of dipping trees to shoot new shoots is strong. Generally, 2 to 3 lateral buds at the top of the shoots can be used to draw strong branches. Each year, many branches are formed around the crown, which makes canopy closure and poor ventilation. Dismantle the improperly positioned and excessively prosperous development branches as soon as possible. The branches that germinate on the lower lateral buds of the inflorescence were all removed, and the bare middle and lower parts of the big branches at all levels were overcome, preventing the outward movement of the resulting parts.
2.2.2 Lazhi In the summer, when the shoots that grow vigorously and have space are stopped growing at the new shoots in late July, the branches will be flattened, and the flowering will be promoted to increase the yield.
2.2.3 Picking up the heart In mid-May, when the inner branch of the canopy grows to 30-40 centimeters, leave 20-30 centimeters to pick up the heart to promote the formation of flower buds and cultivate a compact fruit group.
2.2.4 The girdling is usually carried out on the auxiliary culture branches, and the girdling width is 1/10 of the thickness of the peeled branches. 3 Pest control
Hawthorn insect pests mainly include red spider mites, peach fruit borer, peach aphid, diseases have ringworm disease, powdery mildew.
3.1 Prevention and control of red spider and Myzus persicae in the first half of May to early June, spraying 2500 times wipe out the sweep.
3.2 Pest control peach borer In the mid-June, the tree tray sprayed 100-150 times of parathion EC, killing the overwintering borer larvae. In early July and mid-August, 1,500 times parathion EC was sprayed on the tree to eliminate the insects. The eggs and larvae of the first fruit.
3.3 Prevention and treatment of ringworm disease Sprayed 80% carbendazim 800 times one week after Xiehua, and then sprayed once in the middle of June, late July, and mid-August.
3.4 Hawthorn Park, where the incidence of powdery mildew is severe, sprays 1 lime-thick lime sulfur mixture before germination, and sprays 600 times 50% wettable carbendazim or 50% wet thiophanate oil during flower buds and in June.
1 Soil and Fertilizer Water Management
1.1 Soil management Soil deep-ripening is the basic measure for increasing production. Deep-turning ripening can improve the soil, increase the permeability of the soil, and promote tree growth.
1.2 Fertilizer basal fertilizer, timely basal fertilizer after failure, to supplement the tree nutrients, base fertilizer to organic fertilizer, 3000-4000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre ditch, plus 20 kg of urea, 50 kg of superphosphate, grass ash 500 kg. Fertilizer, generally 3 times in 1 year to recover, in the middle of March when the sap began to flow, each topdressing urea 0.50 - 1 kg, to supplement the nutrients needed for tree growth, to lay a good foundation for improving Fruit set. After culturing, 0.50 kg of urea per plant was used to increase fruit setting rate. Before the flower bud differentiation at the end of July, 0.50 kg of urea, 1.50 kg of superphosphate, and 5 kg of plant ash were used to promote fruit growth and fruit quality.
1.3 Watering Water is usually poured 4 times a year. In spring, irrigation conditions are followed by top-dressing water after top-dressing to promote the absorption and utilization of fertilizers. After flowering, topdressing watering is used to increase fruit setting rate. Pour 1 water after wheat harvest to promote flower bud differentiation and rapid fruit growth. Pouring frozen water, and pouring frozen water in time in winter to facilitate safe wintering of trees.
2 Pruning
2.1 Winter pruning
2.1.1 to prevent bald hernia, due to the branches outside the hawthorn easily branched, often closed outside, the growth of the internal branchlets is weak, dead branches increased year by year, the middle and lower parts of the big branches at all levels gradually bald. Measures to prevent baldness in internal hemorrhoids should adopt the principle of combination of sparseness, contraction, and cut-off and carry out transformation and rejuvenation, and sparsely remove the stems and round stems of round and dense branches and competing branches, leggy branches, disease and insect branches, and shrink and weaken. The main collaterals were selected to retain the buds of the appropriate sites for minor updates and to cultivate robust branches. The methods for cutting and rejuvenating the weak branches and injuring the shoots in the bald areas were modified.
2.1.2 After entering the fruiting period, young trees with short cuts and stubbles can be differentiated into flower buds if they are full of new shoots. The top buds and their 1-4 buds can be differentiated into flower buds. Therefore, they should be used less frequently in cutting hawthorn. Method to protect flower buds.
2.1.3 After the P. viviparum tree entered the fruiting period, many years of continuous results led to drooping shoots, the growth potential gradually weakened, and the shoot sticks appeared on the stems and the yield decreased. Branches should be updated in time to restore tree vigor. For many years of continuous results of the branch or other redundant branches, drooping branches, Jiaozuo branches, perennial long branches, retracted to the strong rear part of the delivery, and the use of the back branches to take the lead, in order to enhance the growth potential, and promote the improvement of yield.
2.2 Summer pruning
2.2.1 The ability of dipping trees to shoot new shoots is strong. Generally, 2 to 3 lateral buds at the top of the shoots can be used to draw strong branches. Each year, many branches are formed around the crown, which makes canopy closure and poor ventilation. Dismantle the improperly positioned and excessively prosperous development branches as soon as possible. The branches that germinate on the lower lateral buds of the inflorescence were all removed, and the bare middle and lower parts of the big branches at all levels were overcome, preventing the outward movement of the resulting parts.
2.2.2 Lazhi In the summer, when the shoots that grow vigorously and have space are stopped growing at the new shoots in late July, the branches will be flattened, and the flowering will be promoted to increase the yield.
2.2.3 Picking up the heart In mid-May, when the inner branch of the canopy grows to 30-40 centimeters, leave 20-30 centimeters to pick up the heart to promote the formation of flower buds and cultivate a compact fruit group.
2.2.4 The girdling is usually carried out on the auxiliary culture branches, and the girdling width is 1/10 of the thickness of the peeled branches. 3 Pest control
Hawthorn insect pests mainly include red spider mites, peach fruit borer, peach aphid, diseases have ringworm disease, powdery mildew.
3.1 Prevention and control of red spider and Myzus persicae in the first half of May to early June, spraying 2500 times wipe out the sweep.
3.2 Pest control peach borer In the mid-June, the tree tray sprayed 100-150 times of parathion EC, killing the overwintering borer larvae. In early July and mid-August, 1,500 times parathion EC was sprayed on the tree to eliminate the insects. The eggs and larvae of the first fruit.
3.3 Prevention and treatment of ringworm disease Sprayed 80% carbendazim 800 times one week after Xiehua, and then sprayed once in the middle of June, late July, and mid-August.
3.4 Hawthorn Park, where the incidence of powdery mildew is severe, sprays 1 lime-thick lime sulfur mixture before germination, and sprays 600 times 50% wettable carbendazim or 50% wet thiophanate oil during flower buds and in June.
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