First, plant characteristics. Plant height 30-150 cm, with aroma. Stems erect, square columnar, sparsely puberulent and glandular, ridges with ridges, and white pulp in the middle of the stem. The leaves are opposite, stalked, and the eggs form an oblong, lanceolate shape with irregularly serrated edges and pubescent and glandular structures above and below. Umbrella inflorescences clustered into terminal or axillary spikes; calyx leaves lanceolate, calyx tubular; corolla lavender or earth red. Nutlets ovate oblong, yellow, hairy at top, ribbed.
Second, biological characteristics. (1) Growth and development: Seed sowing from late March to early April, the temperature is in the range of 13-18°C, about 10 days after emergence, the active ingredient content in the stems and leaves of musk, rising from the seedling stage to the booting stage, with 6-9 The highest monthly volatile oil content. In the future, the slow-growing, lignified old stem has the lowest active ingredient content, so it should be harvested in a timely manner. The flowering period is generally June-August and the fruiting period is July-September.
(2) Requirements for environmental conditions: hi warm and humid climate, fear of drought and frost, like the environment with high humidity during the seedling stage, warm and humid in adult plants, and increased sunshine, which will help increase the oil content. Have a certain cold resistance. It is suitable for cultivation in Yunnan, with an altitude of 1100-1800 meters, an average annual temperature of 15-21°C, an annual average relative humidity of 60-75%, and an annual rainfall of 700-1800 mm. It is generally grown as one year old. Strict requirements on the soil, but with a good drainage of sandy loam; easy to grow low-lying land, prone to root rot and die.
Third, cultivation techniques. (1) Site preparation and soil preparation: Select high-desert, well-drained sandy soil or sandy soil for planting. Apply enough base fertilizer to apply 2-3 tons of fertilizer per hectare and 30-40 kg of calcium sulfate to the uniform; deepen into the soil, make flat and thin, and open the groove; spring sowing into 1.2-1.3 meters wide sorghum墒 15 15 height 15-20 cm; autumn broadcast is a 1.8-2 meters wide dwarf 墒, 墒 high 10-15 cm, is conducive to drainage and protection. Prepare for planting.
(2) Breeding methods
1 seed breeding, can also be broadcast in spring sowing. When the musk is harvested from May to June, it is the budding and flowering period, and it will not be harvested until the seeds are mostly brown. Harvested and placed in a cool place, cooked for several days and dried to thresh seeds.
Autumn sowing: sowing in September-October. On the entire surface of the planting area, 30% by 30 cm in diameter, 3 to 30 centimeters in diameter, 3-5 centimeters in pond depth, and 10 to 10 centimeters in flat bottom. After applying 0.5 to 1 kilogram of pond urine per pond, the seeds will be soaked, and the seeds will be soaked. , evenly sowing in the pond, sowing 5-6 tablets per pond, cover 1-2 cm thin soil. It should be timely watered for a long time and it should not be rainy. The output is high and it is suitable for application in middle and low altitude areas.
Spring sowing: 2-3 months drought seeding. Shunsing a small shallow ditch with a spacing of 25-33 cm and a depth of 1.5-2 cm. After pouring the manure water along the ditch, evenly spreading the seeds of the mixed grass and wood ash into the ditch, sowing 3-4 kg per mu. Cover soil 1-2 cm thick and compact appropriately. Keep the soil moist afterwards. Spring sowing yield is lower.
2 cutting propagation: generally 10-11 months or 3-4 months cutting seedlings. Select the twigs and shoots that grow vigorously in the rainy days, cut into small pieces of 10-15 cm with 3-4 knots, remove the lower leaves, insert 1/3, insert water and cover grass.
(3) Field management. Seedling height 6-10 cm seedlings, drill seedlings by 10-15 cm from the seedlings, pond sowing each pond 3-4 seedlings. Often weeding weeds. When the height of the seedlings is 30-35 cm, the ditch is used to cultivate soil, combined with topdressing, mainly using human excrement or fully decomposed manure, applying 1.5-2 tons per mu, adding 10-15 kg of urea, and applying earth after application.
(4) Diseases and pests and their prevention
1 Phlebitis: mainly damage the leaves. Nearly round, dark brown, encircled, no marginal lesions on the leaf blade, and diseased leaves early and early fall. Prevention and control measures: Collect diseased bodies and burn them before winter to reduce the sources of initial infestation; spraying 50% thiophene suspension agent 1500-2000 times solution at the early stage of disease, or 77% to kill WP 500-700 times, depending on The condition determines the number of sprays.
2 Wilt: It usually occurs in the rainy season from mid-June to early July. The killed plants wilted, withered, rooted, and dead. Rainy, low-lying land and clay are serious. Prevention and control measures: Remove litter from the field and treat them in a centralized manner. Ditch the soil and eliminate the water in the field. Remove the diseased plants at the early stage of the disease. Select 50% carbendazim WP 1000 times solution to flush the roots of the diseased pond and nearby plants. Spread; or spray 10% double-effect Ling Shui agent 500 times.
3 cinnabar leaves full: also known as red spider. From June to August, the weather is dry and occurs at high temperatures and low humidity. With nymphs and nymphs gathering on the back of the leaf, the sap was sucked into the sap and cut into small spots at the beginning of the cut. Later, the damaged spots were enlarged, and the whole leaves became green and yellow and eventually fell off. Preventive measures: Clean the fields during harvest, collect the defoliants and burn them; remove the weeds in the fields and the ditch in early spring; increase the humidity by proper irrigation to reduce the occurrence; spray 40% dimethoate 1000-1500 times, or 40% sulphate alkali Emulsion 800-1000 times, or 20% rosin mixture EC 1000 times, spray once every 7-10 days, even spray 2-3 times, the effect is good.
4 Silver-wing moth: Also called night robbery. When the first generation of larvae in April and May was harmful, the biting leaves showed holes or nicks, and when severe, they were eaten into a net. Prevention and control measures: In the winter, the Qingyuan Concentrated Burning; the initial spraying of 2.5% Uranus EC 1500-2000 times, or 5% rotenone EC 1500-2000 times, or 25% Bacillus thuringiensis EC 2000-3000 times. Either one of the effects is good, and the number of sprays is determined based on the condition of the insect.
Fourth, harvesting and processing. Spring sowing is planted for one year and harvested from September to October. It can be harvested for two consecutive years, and the yield is higher in the second year. Fertilizer should be used after harvesting in winter to ensure good harvest for the next year.
Autumn sowing is planted for 2 years and harvested from June to July. From June to July, when the plants are lush and the inflorescences are drawn without flowering, the whole grass is cut on a sunny day. After the sun is spread till the sunset, the overlap is returned overnight, and then the sun is revived the next day. Bundle tightly to avoid loss of aroma. The second harvest in October, quickly dried, dried and dried can be medicinal.
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