Bailing Mushroom, also known as Pleurotus eryngii, is a relatively new species in the world of edible fungi. Due to its short history of cultivation, there are still many challenges in optimizing the growing techniques. One of the main issues is the low yield, with some farmers reporting a bioconversion rate of less than 20%, which limits economic returns even when prices are high. Based on my own experience in cultivating this mushroom over recent years, I have analyzed the nutritional requirements and provided insights that may help improve both yield and quality.
A balanced nutrient ratio plays a key role in maximizing the production of Bailing Mushrooms. For example, in 2002 and 2003, the Shouguang Institute of Edible Fungi used 200,000 bags of raw materials, primarily composed of cottonseed hulls, with 20% wheat bran and about 8% cornmeal added. This formula achieved a bioconversion rate of over 60%. However, in 2005, when only pure cottonseed hulls were used, the bioconversion rate dropped significantly to between 20% and 30%. From these experiences, I have learned that the right combination of nutrients is essential.
Organic nutrients such as bran, cornmeal, and rice bran are typically added at 20–30% of the total mix. These provide essential carbon sources for the mycelium. However, adding too much organic matter can increase contamination risks and reduce the porosity of the substrate, leading to slower mycelial growth and delayed fruiting. Inorganic nutrients like potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate are also important, usually added at 0.2–0.5%. Excess inorganic nutrients can affect water absorption, which is critical for successful cultivation.
Another important factor in increasing yield is ensuring the culture material has strong water-holding capacity. Traditional cottonseed hulls often lack sufficient moisture retention, especially when they are short in length. This can lead to poor fruiting body development and inconsistent yields. To address this, we can adjust the formula by adding 30–50% of high-water-absorption materials like cotton wool or corn cobs. This not only improves moisture retention but also reduces costs, offering a dual benefit.
For optimal results, the moisture content of the substrate should be maintained between 60–65%. Before fermentation, the material-to-water ratio should be around 1:1.5 to 1.6, and before inoculation, it should be adjusted to about 1:1.3. Recently, waste cotton linters from textile mills have been successfully used in cultivation. For instance, an experimental base in Shouguang used a 50/50 mix of cotton and linters in 2005, achieving a bioconversion rate of over 80% and excellent economic returns.
Adding a small amount of lime (2–5%) to the formula can also enhance mycelial growth. After fermentation, the pH should be around 8–9. While lime isn’t always necessary, its absence can slow down mycelial development, affecting the timing of fruiting.
In conclusion, formulating the right substrate is a flexible process that depends on local resources and scientific adjustments. By carefully balancing nutrients, moisture, and pH, growers can significantly improve both the yield and commercial quality of Bailing Mushrooms. With continuous experimentation and refinement, it’s possible to achieve better results and meet higher standards of productivity.
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