High-yielding Cultivation Techniques of Double-low Oilseed Rape

To ensure a successful rapeseed cultivation, it is essential to follow a series of well-structured agricultural practices. First, selecting the right variety is crucial. In the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, low-quality varieties such as Youyan, Rongyou, Chuanyou, Noza, and Zhihuang are suitable. For the middle reaches, hybrid options like Huaza, Zhongyouza, Zhongshuang, Huashuang, and Xiangza are recommended. In the lower regions, varieties like Yangyou 6, Ningyou 14, Suyou 1, and Zheshuang 72 perform best. Next, planting should be done in concentrated areas to maintain quality and avoid mixing with non-high-quality crops. Choose flat, fertile land that meets pollution-free standards, with good irrigation and drainage systems. It’s also important to avoid planting on land previously used for cruciferous crops to reduce disease risks. Early sowing and proper seedbed preparation are key to healthy growth. Use fertile soil with good drainage and avoid areas where cruciferous vegetables were grown before. The seedbed-to-field ratio should be around 1:5, not exceeding 1:10. Prepare the soil by adding 1000 kg of manure and 0.5 kg of boron fertilizer per acre. Sow seeds in mid-September for the upper and middle reaches, and mid to late September for the lower areas, using 0.5–0.75 kg of seeds per mu. Nurturing strong seedlings involves timely thinning. At 1–2 leaves, remove weak plants and leave about 100 seedlings per square meter. Combine this with weeding and apply diluted manure water at 1000–1500 kg per acre. During the three-leaf stage, spray 30–40 g of 15% paclobutrazol in 40–50 kg of water to promote robust growth. Proper ditching and soil preparation help manage water flow and improve root development. Plough and dig ditches after harvest, ensuring the field has a width of 2–3 meters, with ditches 20–25 cm wide and 15–30 cm deep. This setup ensures effective drainage and prevents waterlogging. Rational planting density and scientific fertilization are vital for maximizing yield. Adjust planting density based on soil fertility and local conditions, typically between 8000–12000 plants per acre. Plant seedlings straight and deep, and water them immediately after transplanting to reduce transplant shock. Apply a total of 12.5–15 kg of nitrogen, 6–8 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 8–10 kg of potassium oxide per mu. Base fertilizer should include 50% of the nitrogen and 80% of the phosphorus and potassium. A 0.2% borax solution should be applied during the seedling and budding stages. Maintaining clean ditches and managing pests is critical. After transplanting, clear internal and external ditches to ensure proper drainage. In winter, apply 30 kg of paclobutrazol mixed with 40 kg of water to protect against frost. Cover fields with straw if possible to insulate and suppress weeds. Control weeds using appropriate herbicides depending on the type—10.8% high-efficiency glyphosate for grassy weeds and 30% chlorimuron-ethyl for broadleaf weeds. Prevent diseases like Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by spraying 80 g of the fungicide or its combination during the first flowering stage, repeating the treatment after 5–7 days. Monitor for aphids and apply insecticides when 20% of the plants show infestation and more than 300 pods per 100 aphids are present. Finally, harvest when 80% of the pods turn yellow. Dry the seeds for 2–3 days after harvesting, then spread them in the sun for 1–2 days before threshing and drying to below 9% moisture content. Store in clean, dry warehouses, avoiding mixing with other materials. Ensure all storage and handling processes meet national food safety regulations.

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