Nine Steps for Growing Mushrooms

Flammulina velutipes is a wood rot fungus that can utilize monosaccharides, cellulose, lignin, and other compounds in wood. However, the ability to decompose wood is weak. After a hard tree is cut, it does not reach a definite degree of decay. The old broad-leaved wood chips, after the accumulation of fermentation, partially decomposed and more suitable for the growth of mushroom.

1. Carbon source: The carbon nutrients needed by Flammulina velutipes are derived from organic carbon compounds such as cellulose, lignin, starch, pectin, pentosans, organic acids, and alcohols. Starch is the best, followed by glucose, fructose, sucrose, mannitol, maltose, lactose, galactose, but not inulin.

2. Nitrogen source: Flammulina velutipes can use a variety of nitrogen sources, of which the best organic nitrogen, such as peptone, glutamic acid, urea and so on. Natural nitrogen compounds such as beef extracts, yeast extracts, etc. are also good sources of nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen in inorganic nitrogen, such as ammonium sulfate (in the presence of vitamin B1) can also be utilized, while nitrate nitrogen nutrition The use of nitrite nitrogen is poor.

3. Inorganic nutrition: The growth and development of Flammulina velutipes requires a certain amount of inorganic salts, such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate, iron sulfate and the like. Flammulina gets phosphorus, iron, magnesium and other elements from these inorganic salts. Among them, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium are the most important elements, and the suitable concentration is 100 mg to 150 mg per liter of culture medium.

4. Vitamins: Flammulina velutipes is a natural deficiency of vitamins B1 and B2. Vitamins B1 and B2 must be added by the outside world to grow well. In the potato and rice sugar contain more vitamins, so do not need to add vitamins when preparing the medium with these materials, but for the sparse mycelia of the powder mycelium, need to add a small amount of Vitamin B1 or vitamin B2 (oral VB1, VB2 can be used), hyphae can grow vigorously.

5. Temperature: Temperature is an important factor affecting the growth and development of mycelia and fruit bodies of Flammulina velutipes. Spores are formed in large amounts at 5°C to 25°C and are easily hyphae. The mycelium grows in the range of 3°C to 34°C. The optimum temperature is 23°C to 25°C. When the temperature is 30°C to 40°C, the hypha growth is extremely slow. Mycelium is very resistant to low temperature and survives at 138 days at -21°C. Mycelium has weak resistance to high temperatures. At 34°C, mycelia will stop growing and will die soon after exceeding 34°C. Therefore, under natural conditions, mycelium growth of Flammulina velutipes is not robust during summer high temperatures, and powdery spores are easily formed.

6. Moisture and Humidity: Flammulina is a kind of hygroscopic fungus, and mycelium can normally grow in culture materials with a water content of 60% to 80%. The moisture content of the culture material during cultivation is preferably 70%. The mycelium grows fastest at this time. Too much or too little moisture in the culture material will affect the growth of the hyphae. When the water content is too high, the mycelium grows slowly or not even. If the fruiting body grows, the base of the stipe will easily change color. If the moisture content of the culture material is less than 60%, the mycelia will be weak and stunted, and the color will be grayish. The relative humidity of the air also has certain requirements. The growth phase of mycelium should be controlled within 60% to 70%. The humidity is too high and the pollution rate is increased. The development stage of fruiting bodies should be controlled at 80% to 90%.

7. Air: Flammulina velutipes is not sensitive to carbon dioxide, but it also needs enough oxygen during fruit body growth. Because of its small cap, ventilation in the room may be less than the ventilation of other caps. The growth of fruiting bodies is inhibited under hypoxia, and the carbon dioxide in the air required for the growth of Flammulina velutipes is most suitable in the range of 0.03% to 0.06%.

8. Illumination: Flammulina velutipes belongs to the genus of turbid edible fungi. Mycelium grows normally under completely dark conditions, and can die in direct sunlight. The normal growth of fruiting bodies requires luminosity of 2 to 4 lux, or even complete darkness. The light is strong, the stipe length is not long, and the mushroom umbrella is opened prematurely and the commodity value is low. Consumption of mushroom is mainly to eat stipe, the shorter the stipe, the sooner the open umbrella, the lower the commercial value.

9. pH: Needle mushroom needs weak acid medium. Hyphae can grow on agar medium with a pH of 3 to 8.4, but hyphae grow best with a pH of 5.6 to 6.5. The differentiation of the primordia and the growth and development of the fruit body are suitable at a pH of 5-6.

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