(I) Morphological characteristics
1. Thick deciduous trees, 15-20 meters high. Straight trunk, bark gray, with vertical cracks, purple or brown endothelium. The top buds are large and the branchlets have a circular stipules mark. Leaves alternate at the top of the branches, oval-like obovate, leaf margin microwave-like, leaves the back of hair and white powder; petiole thicker. Flowers large, white, open at the same time with leaves, solitary branches; tepals 9-10, fleshy; stamens numerous, spirally arranged; carpels numerous, spirally arranged on torus. Polymerization results, cylindrical oval or ovate oval. Seeds red, triangular-obovate. Flowering from April to May, fruit ripening period from January to November.
2. The morphological characteristics of M. officinalis are similar to those of the above species. The main differences are: arbors or shrubs; leaf blade obovate, apex 2-lobed, and sulcus depth 2-3.5 cm. Flowering from March to April, fruit ripening from September to November.
(b) Growth habits The requirements for environmental conditions vary depending on the type. Hoppukiki is cool and humid, and high temperatures are not conducive to growth and development. It is appropriate to grow in mountainous areas with an altitude of 800-1800 meters. Magnolia officinalis prefers a warm and humid climate, which is usually cultivated at an altitude of 600 meters or less. Both species are endemic to the mountains, cold, are all positive species, but the seedlings are afraid of light. They are also slow-growing tree species. The annual seedling height is only 30-40 cm, and young trees grow faster. Magnolia offspring seldom sprout after 10 years of age, while Magnolia officinalis grows more, especially when the trunk breaks, shrubs form.
The fruit of Magnolia officinale can blossom for more than 8 years. The growth of Magnolia officinalis is faster, and it can enter the growth period more than 5 years. After the seed dries, it will significantly reduce germination. Low temperature stratification for about 5 days can effectively relieve seed dormancy. Germination temperature is 20-25°C.
(III) Cultivation Technology
l. Soils and loam soils that are loose, rich in humus, neutral or slightly acidic, are preferred for land selection and soil preparation. Yellow soil, red and yellow soils can also be planted. Soil with poor viscous weight and poor drainage should not be planted. Deep turning, leveling, according to the spacing of 3 meters 4 meters or 3 meters 3 meters open hole, hole depth 40 cm, 50 cm square, ready to plant. Nursery should be selected to sunny, high dry, slightly acidic and fertile sandy loam, followed by yellow loam and light clay. Apply basal fertilizer, plow till it is fine, level and make a 1.2-1.5-meter-wide beam.
2. Breeding methods are mainly seed-breeding, and can also be used for cutting and cutting.
(l) Seed propagation When the fruit matures in September-November, the seeds are harvested, freshly sowed, or stored in wet sand until the spring of the following year.
Seed treatment before sowing; 1 After soaking for 48 hours, the sand layer is used to remove the waxy layer on the seed surface; 2 Soaking seeds for 24-48 hours, Sheng Zhu 箩 in the water in the inner water to step on the waxy layer; 3 Tea soaking 24-48 Hours, go to the waxy layer. Drilling mainly, spacing 25-30 centimeters, spacing 5-7 centimeters, after the broadcast cover, cover grass. Sowing can also be used. Use 15-20 kg per acre. Generally 3-4 months after emergence, l-2 years when the seedling height 30-50 centimeters can be transplanted, the time in the November-December deciduous or 2-3 months before the bud, 1 seed per hole, watering .
(2) In the first ten months of November or February, the sprouts of the adult tree that grew more than 10 years were selected to grow. The stems were cut in half and cut in the opposite direction to the cut. The stems were longitudinally cracked, and a small stone was placed in the middle of the crack. . Most annual roots cut off after planting.
(3) Cuttage propagation In February, l-2 year old shoots with a diameter of about 1 cm are selected, cuttings with a length of about 20 cm are cut, inserted in seedbeds, seedlings are managed with seeds, and transplanted in the following year.
3. After the field has managed the emergence of seed breeders, weeds are often removed and shaded. Every year, top-dressing l-2 times; rainy season to prevent water, to prevent rot. After planting, the weeding and weeding were conducted twice a year. After the forest land was closed, only the winter cultivating and weeding was performed and the soil was cultivated five times. In combination with cultivating and weeding for topdressing, the fertilizer source is mainly farmyard manure. In addition to ploughing, the sapling period should be cut off to ensure that the trunk is straight and fast.
4. Pest control (1) Leaf blight damages the leaves. Control methods; remove diseased leaves; use 1:1:100 Bordeaux spray at the beginning of the disease.
(2) root rot seedlings susceptible to damage, root damage. Control methods see Eucommia.
(3) Blight frequently occurs at the seedling stage. Control methods see Eucommia.
(4) Brown calf larvae feed on branches. Control methods: kill adult worms; trunk brush whitening agent to prevent adult spawning; use 80% dichlorvos to infuse a cotton ball into the borehole to kill.
(5) The brown larvae and brown larvae gnaw on the leaves and can spray 90% trichlorfon 800 times or Bt emulsion 300 times.
(6) Termite damages the roots. Can be used to kill poisonous spirit powder; or dig nest to kill ants.
(4) The harvesting and processing of Magnolia officinalis can be peeled for more than 20 years. When the growth is strong from April to August, the tree is cut and the dry skin and branch skin are peeled off. Stacked into a simple transport back to processing. Magnolia bark is first heated with boiling water, placed upright in a house or inside a barrel, covered with cotton wool, sacks, etc. to make it perspire. When the inside or cross section of the skin becomes purple brown or tan, and when it is oily, the skin is Rolled into a simple shape, tied with bamboo sticks, exposure to dry Serve. Concave magnolia bark simply needs to be dried indoors. After 5-8 years of colonization, flowering starts. If flowers need to be harvested, the buds will be harvested when the flowers are opened. Steam the seeds for more than 10 minutes, remove and spread out to dry or dry. You can also set it in boiling water and let it dry again.
(V) Seed-holding techniques Magnolia officinalis seeds are generally in November-November. When the pericarp is cracked to reveal red seeds, the fruit-chards (bag-valleys) will be collected. The full-filled, disease-free pests will be mixed with the wet fine sand. In a good cellar, cover fine soil. If you store in the outdoor storage and digging, care should be taken to cover the shelter from rain to prevent the rain from flowing into the pits and causing bad species. Remove the seeds in early spring next year.
1. Thick deciduous trees, 15-20 meters high. Straight trunk, bark gray, with vertical cracks, purple or brown endothelium. The top buds are large and the branchlets have a circular stipules mark. Leaves alternate at the top of the branches, oval-like obovate, leaf margin microwave-like, leaves the back of hair and white powder; petiole thicker. Flowers large, white, open at the same time with leaves, solitary branches; tepals 9-10, fleshy; stamens numerous, spirally arranged; carpels numerous, spirally arranged on torus. Polymerization results, cylindrical oval or ovate oval. Seeds red, triangular-obovate. Flowering from April to May, fruit ripening period from January to November.
2. The morphological characteristics of M. officinalis are similar to those of the above species. The main differences are: arbors or shrubs; leaf blade obovate, apex 2-lobed, and sulcus depth 2-3.5 cm. Flowering from March to April, fruit ripening from September to November.
(b) Growth habits The requirements for environmental conditions vary depending on the type. Hoppukiki is cool and humid, and high temperatures are not conducive to growth and development. It is appropriate to grow in mountainous areas with an altitude of 800-1800 meters. Magnolia officinalis prefers a warm and humid climate, which is usually cultivated at an altitude of 600 meters or less. Both species are endemic to the mountains, cold, are all positive species, but the seedlings are afraid of light. They are also slow-growing tree species. The annual seedling height is only 30-40 cm, and young trees grow faster. Magnolia offspring seldom sprout after 10 years of age, while Magnolia officinalis grows more, especially when the trunk breaks, shrubs form.
The fruit of Magnolia officinale can blossom for more than 8 years. The growth of Magnolia officinalis is faster, and it can enter the growth period more than 5 years. After the seed dries, it will significantly reduce germination. Low temperature stratification for about 5 days can effectively relieve seed dormancy. Germination temperature is 20-25°C.
(III) Cultivation Technology
l. Soils and loam soils that are loose, rich in humus, neutral or slightly acidic, are preferred for land selection and soil preparation. Yellow soil, red and yellow soils can also be planted. Soil with poor viscous weight and poor drainage should not be planted. Deep turning, leveling, according to the spacing of 3 meters 4 meters or 3 meters 3 meters open hole, hole depth 40 cm, 50 cm square, ready to plant. Nursery should be selected to sunny, high dry, slightly acidic and fertile sandy loam, followed by yellow loam and light clay. Apply basal fertilizer, plow till it is fine, level and make a 1.2-1.5-meter-wide beam.
2. Breeding methods are mainly seed-breeding, and can also be used for cutting and cutting.
(l) Seed propagation When the fruit matures in September-November, the seeds are harvested, freshly sowed, or stored in wet sand until the spring of the following year.
Seed treatment before sowing; 1 After soaking for 48 hours, the sand layer is used to remove the waxy layer on the seed surface; 2 Soaking seeds for 24-48 hours, Sheng Zhu 箩 in the water in the inner water to step on the waxy layer; 3 Tea soaking 24-48 Hours, go to the waxy layer. Drilling mainly, spacing 25-30 centimeters, spacing 5-7 centimeters, after the broadcast cover, cover grass. Sowing can also be used. Use 15-20 kg per acre. Generally 3-4 months after emergence, l-2 years when the seedling height 30-50 centimeters can be transplanted, the time in the November-December deciduous or 2-3 months before the bud, 1 seed per hole, watering .
(2) In the first ten months of November or February, the sprouts of the adult tree that grew more than 10 years were selected to grow. The stems were cut in half and cut in the opposite direction to the cut. The stems were longitudinally cracked, and a small stone was placed in the middle of the crack. . Most annual roots cut off after planting.
(3) Cuttage propagation In February, l-2 year old shoots with a diameter of about 1 cm are selected, cuttings with a length of about 20 cm are cut, inserted in seedbeds, seedlings are managed with seeds, and transplanted in the following year.
3. After the field has managed the emergence of seed breeders, weeds are often removed and shaded. Every year, top-dressing l-2 times; rainy season to prevent water, to prevent rot. After planting, the weeding and weeding were conducted twice a year. After the forest land was closed, only the winter cultivating and weeding was performed and the soil was cultivated five times. In combination with cultivating and weeding for topdressing, the fertilizer source is mainly farmyard manure. In addition to ploughing, the sapling period should be cut off to ensure that the trunk is straight and fast.
4. Pest control (1) Leaf blight damages the leaves. Control methods; remove diseased leaves; use 1:1:100 Bordeaux spray at the beginning of the disease.
(2) root rot seedlings susceptible to damage, root damage. Control methods see Eucommia.
(3) Blight frequently occurs at the seedling stage. Control methods see Eucommia.
(4) Brown calf larvae feed on branches. Control methods: kill adult worms; trunk brush whitening agent to prevent adult spawning; use 80% dichlorvos to infuse a cotton ball into the borehole to kill.
(5) The brown larvae and brown larvae gnaw on the leaves and can spray 90% trichlorfon 800 times or Bt emulsion 300 times.
(6) Termite damages the roots. Can be used to kill poisonous spirit powder; or dig nest to kill ants.
(4) The harvesting and processing of Magnolia officinalis can be peeled for more than 20 years. When the growth is strong from April to August, the tree is cut and the dry skin and branch skin are peeled off. Stacked into a simple transport back to processing. Magnolia bark is first heated with boiling water, placed upright in a house or inside a barrel, covered with cotton wool, sacks, etc. to make it perspire. When the inside or cross section of the skin becomes purple brown or tan, and when it is oily, the skin is Rolled into a simple shape, tied with bamboo sticks, exposure to dry Serve. Concave magnolia bark simply needs to be dried indoors. After 5-8 years of colonization, flowering starts. If flowers need to be harvested, the buds will be harvested when the flowers are opened. Steam the seeds for more than 10 minutes, remove and spread out to dry or dry. You can also set it in boiling water and let it dry again.
(V) Seed-holding techniques Magnolia officinalis seeds are generally in November-November. When the pericarp is cracked to reveal red seeds, the fruit-chards (bag-valleys) will be collected. The full-filled, disease-free pests will be mixed with the wet fine sand. In a good cellar, cover fine soil. If you store in the outdoor storage and digging, care should be taken to cover the shelter from rain to prevent the rain from flowing into the pits and causing bad species. Remove the seeds in early spring next year.
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