Peppermint Cultivation and Processing Technology

Mint is a perennial herb. In traditional Chinese medicine, all herbs are used as medicine, being cool and spicy, evacuating wind and heat, cleansing the head of the head, and expelling qi and relieving phlegm. The symptoms include exogenous fever, headache, red eyes, sore throat, and skin rash. Stems and leaves can be extracted peppermint oil, menthol, peppermint and other spices for the pharmaceutical, food, chemical, cosmetics and other industrial use. Natural Menthol exports more than 300,000 yuan per ton. General mu production of peppermint oil 10 kg ~ 15 kg. Peppermint has strong adaptability, and is planted at altitudes of 300 to 1000 meters above sea level, with higher oil and menthol production. Hi warm and humid environment, the optimum growth temperature is 20 °C ~ 30 °C, when the temperature dropped to -2 °C or so, the plants began to wither, but the underground rhizomes strong cold resistance. Mint is a long day plant. Hi sunny, budding and flowering period requires sufficient sunshine and dry weather, can increase oil, brain volume. If there is too much rain at the end of the year, it will be easy to grow long, the leaves will be thin, the lower part of the plants will be easy to fall off, and there will be more diseases. Hi-loose soil, sandy loam with pH 6.5-7.5, loam and humus soil can all be planted. Peppermint fertilizer, especially nitrogen fertilizer. Avoid continuous works. The cultivation and processing techniques are described below.
I. Cultivation Techniques 1. Soil fertility for soil preparation, fertility, flat terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation, sufficient sunlight, loam or sandy loam not grown in 2 to 3 years. After the harvest, Mushi high quality soil miscellaneous fertilizer 4000 kg to 5000 kg, urea 20 kg to 25 kg, superphosphate 70 kg to 75 kg, potassium sulfate 15 kg to 20 kg or ternary compound fertilizer 50 kg to 60 kg and Bronze, magnesium, zinc and other compound fertilizer 4 kg to 5 kg base fertilizer. After cultivating and leveling, it was hoeed, 1.5 meters wide and 15 centimeters high. 2. Transplanting seeds can be used for propagation, cuttings, seedlings and rhizomes. Rhizomes and seedlings are often used for production. Rootstock propagation: From late October to early November, the rhizomes were dug from the planting site, and the small, white, thick and short internodes were cut into small pieces of 10 centimeters, which were then planted into deep trenches that had been dug 10 centimeters in advance. Line spacing 25 cm to 30 cm, spacing 15 cm. Cover fine soil after planting. In general, about 100 kilograms of white rhizomes are used in mu. Seedling propagation: Plants with stout, consistent growth, and no pests and diseases are selected as reserved land. After the harvest in the autumn, the weeding and weeding were immediately carried out once. In early April of the following year, when the height of the seedling is 15 cm, it is transplanted and transplanted. The transplanting space is 20 centimeters apart, 15 centimeters of plant spacing digging, and 2 seedlings per hole. After planting, cover the soil compaction, and then pour with thin manure water to set roots. 3. Field Management (1) Seedlings and Miao. After transplanting in early April, when the height of the seedlings is 10 cm, the seedlings should be checked for seedlings in a timely manner and the spacing of the plants should be maintained at about 15 cm, ie 20,000 to 30,000 plants per mu. (2) Weeding and weeding. Between March and April, we tilled and weeded 2 to 3 times. Since the peppermint roots are concentrated at 15 cm in the soil and the underground rhizomes are concentrated at 10 cm in the soil, the cultivator should be shallow and not deep enough. After the first harvest, remove it again. (3) Dressing. Usually 4 times. For the first time in February, 1000 to 1500 kg of manure water was used to promote seedling growth. The second time in the seedling height 20 cm to 25 cm, Mushi Sanyuan compound fertilizer 40 kg to 50 kg, deep groove between the rows of Shi Shi, Shi after the cover soil. The third time after the first harvest of mint, Mushi Sanyuan compound fertilizer 70 kg to 75 kg, it is best to pour concentrated manure water 1500 kg to 2000 kg, prompting early post-cut trees, in order to increase production. The fourth time in early September, when the seedlings were 25 cm to 30 cm in height, Mushi applied 20 kg to 25 kg of compound fertilizer to meet the needs of the plants. (4) irrigation and drainage. Water each time after fertilization. When high temperature and dry weather occur in July-August, as well as drought and drought, it is necessary to irrigate drought timely. In the rainy season, water accumulation in the fields should be promptly eliminated. (5) to miscellaneous. After a few years of planting peppermint, they will all appear degenerate and mixed. The main manifestations are that the plants are of different heights and leaves, the color of leaves is not normal, the maturation period is different, the stress resistance is weakened, and the crude oil yield and quality are reduced. When wild peppermint is found, it should be promptly removed. The sooner the better, the longest the stem on the ground is removed before 8 pairs of leaves. Therefore, the underground stems have not yet sprouted and they can be pulled cleanly and thoroughly. It should be carried out when the soil is loose and soft after the rain is selected. This will not only save energy but also reduce the impact on the surrounding mint. When you go to miscellaneous, if it is difficult to distinguish it at one time, you can set the leaves, and the person who smells the odor after rubbing it with his hands is the wild peppermint. To go to miscellaneous work to be repeated, the second knife must also be miscellaneous 2 to 3 times. After removing the head knife, if the basic seedlings are insufficient, the seedlings should also be removed. 4. Diseases and Insect Control Peppermint pests and diseases mainly include rust, blight, small earthworms, and silver worms. (1) Peppermint rust. Harm the leaves and stems. During May to June, when it is continuously cloudy or overly dry, it is easy to develop. Orange and powdery uredia spores began to appear on the back of the leaves, and dark brown, powdery teliospores occurred later. In severe cases, the leaves withered and wilted, resulting in the death of the whole plant. At the beginning of the disease, 20% triadimefon EC is used for 1000-1500 times or 300 times with diuretic sodium. (2) Mint spot blight. Also known as white disease, harm the leaves. Occurs between May and October. The leaf disease course is small round and dark green, and gradually expands into a dark brown color. The center is grayish and white-white, with black spots on the body, gradually withering and falling off. At the beginning of the disease, the burns were removed promptly. It can be sprayed with 70% mancozeb and 75% chlorothalonil 500-700 times. Stop medication 20 days before harvest. (3) Small tigers. Harmful to seedlings, spring larvae eat seedling stems, causing seedlings. 40% Chrysanthemum Emulsion, Chrysanthemum-killing EC 2000-3000 times spray rhizosphere, or Irrigate with 40% methyl isothioate 1000 times. (4) Spodoptera litura. Harms leaves and buds, larvae bite the leaves, causing holes to nick. With 50% Suppository EC 30-60 ml per mu sprayed with water or sprayed with 50% killing pine 1000 times. The drug was stopped 20 days before harvest.
II. Harvesting and processing 1. Seedlings In late April or late August, after the crops are mixed in the field, select the excellent strains with the typical characteristics of the varieties, and move them to the reserved land for planting in advance. Cultivate 10 centimeters in diameter and cultivate until digging in the beginning of winter to obtain 70% to 80% of new white rhizomes. In the middle and early June, the old stalks of the stolons or plants in the lower part of the plants with good characteristics can be used for rapid propagation. The stems produced by these two methods are the rejuvenating stems. The stalks of 1 mu of reserved land can be used for 5 mu to 6 mu of plants. 2. Harvesting is generally harvested twice a year. For the first time (top knife) in late June to early July, no later than mid-July, otherwise affecting the second harvest. The second time (two knifes) was performed before flowering in early October. Harvesting should be carried out on a sunny day from noon to 2 pm, when the leaves contain oil and the highest amount of brain. 3. After processing and harvesting, spread out and dry for 2 days, tie it into small pieces and hang it to dry or dry it. When the sun must be turned frequently to prevent rain, night exposed, or easy to mold deterioration. Drying rate 25%. The local processing equipment can be used to process peppermint oil by distilling the spearmint leaves and leaves with water vapor and water distillation. Crystals precipitate after cooling, and menthol can be obtained after isolation and purification.

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