Spring rapeseed is one of the main oil crops of the Agricultural Division IV. In combination with the ecological conditions in our region, based on summarizing years of experience in planting high-yield spring rapeseed, we will formulate this cultivation technology for the purpose of achieving high yield, high quality, low cost and high profitability in the future. Procedures. This procedure is adapted to the area of ​​the special Zhao film.
1 basic conditions
1.1 Soil conditions: land formation, deep soil layer, soil organic matter content of more than 1%, alkaline dissolved nitrogen content of 60ppm, available phosphorus content of more than 12ppm.
1.2 Variety selection: Selection of hybrid oilseed rape 331, 303, Huaxie No. 1, Qingyou No. 14 and other varieties.
1.3 Irrigation conditions: The water source is guaranteed, the irrigation period is 2-3 times, and the irrigation volume is 180-200 cubic meters.
1.4 Fertilization standard: Fertilizer 30 kg per acre, nitrogen, phosphorus ratio 1:0.8, potassium fertilizer 3-5 kg, and conditions should be measured soil fertilization.
2 Yield composition
The number of harvested trees per mu in high-fertility plots is 2.5-30000, the number of effective pods per plant is 75-85, the number of keratin fruits is 26-27, and the grain weight is 4-4.3g; the yield of medium-grade fertile land is 30,000-30,000. Plants, the number of effective pods per plant is 60-75, the number of keratin fruits is 24-27, and the grain weight is 3.8-4 grams; the yield of low-grade fertile land is 40,000-45 thousand, and the effective number of fruit per plant is 55- There were 60 pods of 23-26 keratinocytes and 3.8 grams of 1,000-grain weight. The output can reach a yield of 200 kilograms at 75% discount.
3 Cultivation techniques
3.1 Preparation before Broadcasting
3.1.1 Select middle and upper soil fertility, carry out autumn turning, deep loosening and full-layer fertilization. The amount of base fertilizer should be more than 60% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer and 70-90% of the total amount of phosphorus fertilizer and 70-80 kg of oil residue. Ploughing depth of 25 cm or more, deep depth of 45 cm or more, the force leveling to be broadcast state.
3.1.2 Seed Preparation: Seeds were selected to achieve secondary seed standards and seed coating.
3.1.3 Machine preparation: The disc opener should be adjusted on a horizontal line before sowing. When seeding, it does not leak seeds and no leakage of fertilizer. The seeding wheels do not lack teeth. The opener disc rotates flexibly, and the seed plate is installed completely, and the separation is reliable.
3.2 appropriate sowing
3.2.1 Seeding period: The average temperature on the day is stable at 2-3°C, and the soil can be sowed when the soil is thawed 5-6 cm.
3.2.2 Sowing amount: 350-400 grams per mu.
3.2.3 with seed fertilizer: The main phosphate fertilizer, Mushi diammonium 5 kg, with a certain number of screened maturity sheep fat.
3.2.4 seeding method: 15 cm and other row spacing sowing.
3.2.5 sowing depth: 2.5-3 cm.
3.2.6 sowing quality: sowing straight, uniform seed, well-covered soil, repression, accurate access, flat straight, head to edge.
3.3 Field Management
3.3.1 Check seedlings, replanting seeds, open hair canals. After the sowing, it is necessary to timely conduct seedling replanting to ensure the number of mu plants. The current situation is to look at the terrain patch open duct.
3.3.2 Weeding: The principle of small, early, and sturdy herbs is herbaceous. In the 2-4 leaf stage of wild oats, Weiba 70 ml/mu is used for the removal; wild rape is in the 3-4 leaf stage, 25-30 g of the vegetable is used in the wild; broadleaf weeds are in the 3-4 leaf stage, and the mu is used. Kotka 30-35 ml.
3.3.3 Timely irrigation: The number of times of watering and the amount of each watering in the whole growth period should be determined according to the degree of soil moisture and the amount of rainwater, but the bolting water can not be less, the Lei moss period is the critical period of spring rape water, especially the flowering period of water Urgent requirements, depending on the growth of spring rape and field capacity, generally two irrigation, total irrigation volume of 180-200 cubic meters. In the middle and late spring irrigation, rapeseed should avoid windy weather as much as possible to reduce the lodging caused by irrigation. Look at the situation with a combination of irrigation or spraying urea 5-8 kg before rainy days.
3.3.4 Chemical control: For plots with large population density, it is necessary to control 25-30 grams of paclobutrazol per acre in the early stage of fertility in order to prevent later stage lodging.
3.3.5 foliar fertilization: In order to ensure the high yield of spring rape, combined with seedling stage removal, mu spray 200ml or 15ml gold land, spraying 100-150g boron fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate during mossy period Prevent rapeseed from "flowers can not be real". Mu watered 15-30 kilograms, foliar fertilization should be light should not be strong.
4 Pest Control (Aircraft Defense)
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is the main disease of rapeseed in our region, which seriously affects the yield and quality. In the rapeseed buds period - the early flowering period, spraying 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 70g/mu to prevent, while spraying Shi leaf surface fertilizer.
5 timely harvest
Spring rape should be harvested during the yellow ripening period. Harvesting should be carried out as soon as possible and reduce waste. After the harvest, the plants were promptly transported and spread in the sun, which was resistant to mildew and deterioration.
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