The rose is Rosaceae, which is a shrub plant. Chrysanthemum, carnation, and Gladiolus are known as the world's four fresh cut flowers, and it is one of the freshest cut flowers in the market. Modern rose colors, rich flower types, rich aromas, and annual blooming are deeply loved by people.
1. Variety
At present, there are 16 kinds of common modern rose.
Red is Cardinal, Red Success, Samensa, Marina, etc.;
Peach color Miss Donna, actress, Sonia, Flamingo, Bellamy, etc.;
Yellow gold badges, gold medals, golden age, etc.;
White Department of White Success, Athena, Tannick, etc.;
Others camp.
Since the market needs red rose mostly, the number of red, yellow and other color varieties is usually 3:1:1.
2. Requirements for environmental conditions
The environment where the roses are sunny, leeward, and air circulates requires direct sunlight for more than 5-8 hours per day to grow well. The optimum temperature is 18-25°C during the day and 15.5-16.5°C during the night. Although it can survive at temperatures above 35°C, it is susceptible to disease. The optimum relative humidity for growth is 75% to 80%. If the relative humidity is too high, black spot and white mold are easy to occur. The soil requires well-drained, ventilated, loamy soil structure with a pH of 6-7.
3, breeding and cultivation
(1) Reproduction: cuttings and grafting propagation methods are generally used for cutting roses.
1 Cutting propagation: Twig cuttings were cut in the middle of June to July to cut half mature shoots, each of which was a section; the flowering branches were cut in mature branches from September to October, and each 3-4 shoot was a section. The top two leaflets of the cuttings were retained, the base was fastened with 400 mg/kg IBA, and the cutting depth was 2 cm. The plastic shed was moistened after cutting and the greenhouse was shaded with a straw or shade net. Keep the bed temperature around 20°C and the temperature around 15°C. About 25 days after the insertion, the rooting condition gradually removed the shade, and the ventilation was moderately increased. A small arch shed was removed after about 35 days.
2 Grafting and breeding: Rootstocks often use wild rose cuttings or seedlings. Buds were harvested from July to August. One day before grafting, the shoots were filled with shoots, about 30 cm in length, and the leaf blades were cut off to remove the prickles and soaked in water. Generally, the “Т†shape bud connection method is adopted, and the bud connection site should be in the same direction for inspection. Branches are carried out in February-March, mainly using cut joints. Generally, the rootstocks are 9-13 mm thick, and when the scions are 3-8 mm, they can be grafted.
(2) Cultivation:
1 Soil: Soil that requires strong air permeability, good drainage performance, and can maintain moisture and nutrients without pests and diseases. It can be prepared with good loam and peat and sand in a volume ratio of 2:1: 1, and the pH is adjusted to 6-6.5 with gypsum or lime, and the soil is prepared and sterilized and sterilized.
2 Planting: Newly planted plants should be trimmed, leaving 15 cm high, especially the broken, disabling roots and branches should be cut off, and the top buds must be full. The planting depth is decided by the surface without covering. For example, the interface part of the bud is separated from the soil surface by 5 cm, and the cover of the earth surface is covered by 8 cm thick (such as organic matter such as leaves and sawdust). Afterwards, this 8 cm gradually settles to 5 Centimeters, just below the mouth. If you do not cover, you can cultivate a little deeper.
The cut flower spacing is usually 3030 cm. For a period of time just planted, spray a few times a day to keep the shoots wet.
3 Top dressing: The rose needs a relatively balanced fertilizer during the growth process. It can neither grow too fast nor form a leggy. Usually, a large number of elements or trace elements required for the Chinese rose are used as synthetic fertilizers.
4 Trimming and topping: The method of pruning is a gradual replacement pruning method. After the first cutting in the spring, the whole plant stays about 60 centimeters high. Part of it makes it open again, a part of short cuts, and other short cuts. After the new branch blossoms, the original flowering part is cut short, turns flowering, and flowers all year round. The other is a one-time cut-off method, in which all the crops were cut into shrubs of the same height after cutting the first crop in May. If it is a young plant newly planted in the first year, it will be 45 centimeters long and 60 centimeters after the second year. However, this cut has basically stopped production for 5-6 weeks, after which the cut flowers can be continued until the next year in May.
In the rose season, when the shoots grow to 15-20 cm, the top is removed by about 3 cm so as to promote the growth of lateral buds to become lateral branches. After a certain length, it still needs to be plucked 1-2 times until the number of main branches and lateral branches of the whole plant is increased. Sufficient to produce a large number of flowers. Topping is to adjust the plant shape in the initial stage, but after flowering, it is to control the flowering period. When the flower bud diameter is 10-13 mm, removing the top of the shoot to reach the second leaf can promote the flowering period of about 7 days.
4, cutting and preservation
Roses should be cut at low temperatures and high humidity. Usually cut 1-2 days before flowering. Cut branches have a pitch of 5 knots or a longer length. After cutting for 1 hour, water was inserted into the water, and then graded according to length. Ten bundles were bundled and wrapped in cellophane.
Rose cut flowers have a short shelf life and are resistant to long-distance transportation. If the rose after harvesting is not on the market, it should be immediately stored in a low-temperature store. The storage temperature should be 1-2°C, and it is best to insert it into water for temperature storage. The water quality of temperature storage is very important, and the low PH value is good for cut rose. The preservative in the flower container is a mixture of silver thiosulfate and aluminum sulfate.
The common Chinese rose bottle preservative formulations are: 140 grams of saccharose + 80 mg / liter 8-HQS (8-hydroxyquinoline salts) + 100 mg / liter erythorbic acid; 220-60 grams of saccharose + 250 mg /L 8-HQS+500 mg/L Citric Acid+25 mg/L Silver Nitrate; 350 g/L Sucrose+200 mg/L 8-HQS+50 mg/L Silver Acetate; 420 g/L Sucrose+300 mg/L l 8-HQS+250 mg/L cobalt nitrate.
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