With the continuous expansion of vegetable greenhouses, acidification of soil in greenhouses has become more and more serious. According to the survey, the current soil pH value <5.5 of greenhouses accounted for 30%, pH value <6.0 of the area of ​​more than 50%, but also a lot of pH value <4.5. The acidification of the soil in the greenhouse resulted in poor crop development and increased disease, which seriously affected the yield and quality of greenhouse vegetables. 1. Reasons for acidification 1.1 High yields of greenhouse vegetables remove excess base elements such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium from the soil, resulting in excessive consumption of potassium and trace elements in the soil and acidification of the soil. The direction of development. 1.2 The application of a large number of acid fertilizers, high temperature and humidity inside the shed, little rain leaching effect, with the increase of cultivation years, the accumulation of acid in the plough layer of soil, resulting in the acidification of the soil. 1.3 Due to the high multiple cropping index in greenhouses and the large amount of fertilizer, the soil organic matter content decreased, the buffer capacity decreased, and soil acidification problems worsened. 1.4 The input ratio of high-concentration nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizers is too large, but the input of trace elements such as calcium and magnesium is relatively insufficient, resulting in imbalance of soil nutrients, making the calcium, magnesium and other base elements in the soil rubber particles very easy. Replaced by hydrogen ions. 2. Hazards of Acidification 2.1 Acid soils are breeding for fungi, and the rhizosphere diseases are increased, and the control is difficult, especially the clubroots of cruciferae and the bacterial wilt and verticillium wilt of solanaceous vegetables. 2.2 The soil structure is destroyed, soil compaction, physical deterioration, resistance decline, and the ability of vegetables to resist drought and flood natural disasters weakened. 2.3 Under acidic conditions, the solubility of aluminum and manganese increases, the effectiveness increases, and it produces toxic effects on vegetables. 2.4 Under acidic conditions, the increase of hydrogen ions in the soil will have an antagonistic effect on the absorption of other cations by vegetables. 3. Control measures 3.1 Increased application of organic materials A large number of organic materials can not only increase the soil organic matter content in greenhouses, increase the acid buffering capacity of the soil, and increase the soil pH value, but also the organic material decomposition and utilization in greenhouses. High, increased soil nutrients, improved soil structure, and can promote the development of soil beneficial microorganisms, inhibit the occurrence of vegetable diseases. 3.2 Changing fertilization method The absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in vegetables is generally 1:0.3:1.03. Therefore, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be promoted as two compound fertilizers with high middle and low levels, paying particular attention to the input of potassium, and The input of trace elements, vigorously promote the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, coordinate nutrient, inhibit the acidification tendency of the soil. Minimize the use of acidic compound fertilizers with the same proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as the application of chlorinated fertilizers. 3.3 Applying Quicklime Improved soil Quicklime applied to the soil can neutralize acidity, increase soil pH, directly change the acidification of the soil, and can supplement vegetables with a large amount of calcium. The application method will smash the quicklime, most of which can be sieved through 100 mesh. Before sowing, the quicklime and organic fertilizer are separately applied to the field, and then the lime and the organic fertilizer are mixed with the soil as much as possible. Application pH 5.0-5.4 with quick lime 130 kg / 667 m2; pH 5.5-5.9 with quick lime 65 kg / 667 m2; pH 6.0-6.4 with quick lime 30 kg / 667 m2 (to adjust 15 cm acidic tillage Layer soil gauge).
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