First, according to the biological characteristics of shrimp, create a suitable pond conditions, configure the necessary equipment. (I) Shrimp pond conditions 1. Water source quality: The water source is sufficient, the water quality is fresh and non-polluting, conforms to the fishery water standard, and is easy to enter and drain. 2. shrimp pond area: the area should not be too large, generally 2-10 acres, the best 3-5 acres, pond is not easy to manage. 3. Shrimp pond slope: slope should be larger, generally 1:2.5-3, because green shrimp likes to inhabit in shallow water areas, where the water temperature is easy to rise, dissolved oxygen is also higher, the probability of occurrence of high shrimp. 4. Shrimp pond water depth: The water depth is generally 1.2-1.5 meters. If the pond water is too deep, it is not conducive to the habitat and growth of the green shrimp. This is based on the average probability of occurrence of green shrimp in different water layers. 5. Sludge at the bottom of the pond: less than 10cm is required. Too much silt can easily pollute the water. Nothing is not conducive to the storage of nutrients and the growth of benthic food organisms. 6. Inlet water filtration and anti-escape facilities: Set up a 40-mesh and 60-mesh screen mesh at the inlet of the shrimp pond to filter the influent water to prevent the enemy eggs and larvae from entering the shrimp pond. Drain outlets are blocked with dense mesh or wire mesh to prevent the shrimp from escaping. (b) Configuration of Oxygen-Enhancing Equipment Generally, the shrimp ponds below 5 mu are equipped with a 1.5-kilowatt impeller aerator, and a 2.2-kilowatt submersible pump is also used for water injection and drainage. Second, set up three-dimensional cultivation of green shrimp facilities This is the key measures for the three-dimensional breeding of green shrimp technology. The theoretical basis is: Green shrimp is a zoobenthos with poor swimming ability and can only swim for a short distance. It usually crawls on the bottom of the water and likes to inhabit shallow water. According to measurements, the average probability of occurrence of fresh shrimp in ponds without water grass was 25.9%, 26.8%, 21.7%, and 14.7% at 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.2, and 2 meters from the pond, respectively. 7.7%, while only 3.2% in the middle of the pond. The average occurrence rate of green shrimp in different water layers was the highest at 0.4 meters, 0.6 meters and 0.8 meters, respectively 28%, 32% and 20%, followed by 0.2 meters, 16%, followed by 1 meter. 4%, and 1.2 meters, the average probability of occurrence of 0. Based on these biological characteristics of the shrimp, artificially set up some facilities to increase the average probability of occurrence of the average probability of occurrence of the place and the water layer. This makes full use of the water body and increases the habitat of the green shrimp, so as to increase production and efficiency. The specific approach is: (a) Set mesh nets to be 10 to 33 mesh nets. Mesh sheets are laid in the middle of the shrimp ponds, fixed with a bamboo frame and separated from the water by 30-40 cm. The nets are arranged in a truss-like shape with a gradient of 15-20 degrees to allow the shrimps to crawl up and down. The width of each mesh is 30-40 meters and the length is determined by shrimp ponds. The number of meshes is 2 rows below 5 mu and 4 rows above 5 mu. The mesh area accounts for 20-30% of the shrimp pond area. (II) Planting aquatic plants Water plants such as peanuts, water spinach and water lettuce are planted around the shrimp ponds in the shallow water zone 1 meter away from the pond (also some submerged plants such as weeds of the genus Hydrilla and Vallisneria). The bandwidth is about 1 meter, and the area accounts for about 10-20% of the shrimp pond area. Grass was disinfected with 10ppm of bleach before moving into the shrimp pond. The role of planting water plants, in addition to the full use of water, increase the habitat of fresh shrimp, there are: 1 to provide natural food. Its young leaves, roots, and rot can feed on the prawn while it feeds on food organisms. 2 Can shave the shrimp because of the negative phototaxis of the shrimp. 3 cool and cool at high temperatures. 4 For the hidden shrimp, shell, to prevent predators and similar killings. 5 plants can carry out photosynthesis and increase dissolved oxygen in water. 6 Absorb excess nutrients in the pond to purify the water. 7 Make the shrimp shell blue green, prevent the occurrence of rust shrimp, improve the quality of the shrimp. 8 wave protection slope. (c) The tea tree branches are erected with fine tea tree branches and bundled into bundles of tea branches, which are set up around the shrimp pond. This method can replace the planting of aquatic plants, and can avoid the two unfavorable factors caused by too many plants: First, sucking fertilizer, so that shrimp pond water quality lean, affecting the growth of shrimp; Second, perishable at high temperatures, so that water quality deterioration, caused Pan Tong. In addition, tea branches have a disinfectant effect. Third, the good seedlings are stocked off (a) Qingtang Feishui 1, clear pond: 7-10 days before stocking, with 75-100 kg per acre dry lime clear pond. 2, water injection: clear pond 4 days after the injection of 50-70 cm. 3, Shiji Fei: Qingtang after the water injection before the application of fermented organic fertilizer, generally 300-400 kg per mu, depending on the specific shrimp pond. The purpose is to cultivate zooplankton and benthic food organisms for feeding the shrimp. This is the key to the survival rate and the speed of growth in the early growth stage of shrimp. (b) seed stocking 1, shrimp stocking: acres of shrimp seedlings 5-100000, specifications 1.5 cm above, the time should be in June-July. 2, shrimp species (large-scale shrimp) stocking: 20-25 kilograms of acres of shrimp, specifications 1000-1600 / kg, the time should be in October-December. 3, stocking considerations: shrimp stocking should be carried out in cloudy or rainy days, in case of sunny should be carried out in the morning and night to avoid direct sunlight, affecting the survival rate of stocking. Shrimp seedlings require a one-time footer. 4, take care of white bream fish species: per acre shrimp pond take flower white bream 80-100 species, specifications about 30 tail / kg, but also can take the wild pheasant summer fish species, 200 per mu. The stock of white mullet species must be stocked 10 to 15 days after the larvae are stocked to ensure that the prawn meets the demand for food organisms. The first resort is to adjust the water quality. The second is to make full use of the water body and increase the harvest. Fourth, the implementation of scientific feed feed (a) feed: shrimp feed and animal feed (such as snail, river clam, yellow clam, small junk fish, etc.) combined. Granular pellets have a particle size of 2-4 mm and a crude protein content of 35-40%. Animal feed should be crushed. The combination of the feed can meet the nutritional needs of the shrimp and promote its growth. Second, it can avoid the same type of residual food of the shrimp, and the third is to reduce the cost. (b) Feeding time and quantity: Feeding once in the afternoon and the afternoon, 8 to 9 am, and 6 to 7 pm in the afternoon. The morning accounted for 1/3 of the daily feeding amount, and accounted for 2/3 in the afternoon. The daily feeding amount is generally controlled by 3-5% of the total weight of the shrimp body (referring to the dry material, and the fresh material is 10-15%), depending on the weather, the water quality, the water temperature, and the feeding conditions of the shrimp, and can be adjusted in time. Generally eaten in 1-2 hours. In order to check the feeding situation of the shrimp, several food tables are set up around the shrimp pond for observation. The theoretical basis for feeding time and quantity: According to the determination, the fullness index of green prawns is the highest at 20-2, which is 7.372, followed by 8-14, it is 4.095, and the minimum is 14-20 and 2-8. 1.845 and 2.219. (3) Feeding methods: The feed should not only be evenly placed on the side of the water-grass belt near the edge of the pond, but also be evenly put on the mesh in the pond. In the morning, animal feed is the mainstay, and in the afternoon, shrimp feed is the main ingredient. (D) Regular fertilization: During the whole breeding process, according to the water quality of shrimp ponds, the organic fertilizers that have been fermented are put on a regular basis so that the shrimp ponds maintain a certain degree of fatness, and zooplankton and benthic food organisms are cultivated for feeding by the shrimps. V. Strengthening shrimp pond management (1) Water quality management Green shrimp have higher water quality requirements and are more sensitive to dissolved oxygen. Their asphyxiation points are higher than fish, being 1.12 mg/l. To this end, take the following measures to maintain the transparency of shrimp ponds 35-40 cm, dissolved oxygen 5 mg / l or more, pH 7-8. 1. Timely injection, drainage, and adjustment of water level according to season and temperature. Usually add new water every two weeks or one month. In the high-temperature season of July-September, change the water once every five to seven days. First drain the old water from the lower layer, and then add 20-30 cm of new water to improve the water quality. It is necessary to adjust the water level according to the season and temperature to maintain a suitable water temperature for the shrimp. The water depth is 50-60 centimeters to facilitate warming; in winter it is added to more than 1 meter to keep warm for the winter; the general water level is maintained at 80-90 centimeters. 2. Pay attention to aeration of shrimp ponds: In addition to adding new water, turn on aerators and splash chemical “oxygen spirit†at appropriate times. The aerator switch is flexibly controlled according to the weather and the activity of the shrimp. Boot time: open at noon on sunny days, open in the early morning on cloudy days, and open in the middle of the night. Boot length: hot weather, long boot time, cool weather, short boot time; noon boot time is short, long boot time in the middle of the night (start in the middle of the night must be in the morning before sunrise can be shut down). If signs of floating head are found, open it as soon as possible and add new water if necessary. Chemical "oxygenation" is mainly used for emergency purposes, according to the instructions. (2) The daily management is mainly to observe the morning and the evening patrol ponds, increase the midnight patrol pond in case of hot and humid weather, and carefully observe the activities of shrimps, shells and feeding conditions. Pay special attention to changes in water quality. If signs of floating head are found, take immediate action. Thunderstorms occur in summer and autumn evenings, and they are prone to serious floating heads, which must be given special attention. Six, do a good job of prevention and control of shrimp diseases (a) clear the enemy to find more wild fish, that is spilled 3-5ppm of Zhongnong 8901 shrimp protection agent (the main component is tea alum) to kill it. This medicine will not harm the shrimp. It is forbidden to use sodium pentachlorophenol with residue. (2) Quicklime Disinfection Every 15 to 20 days, use quicklime 20 kg/mu. Rice Quanchiposa, bactericidal calcium, adjust water quality. (III) Prevention and control of black shank disease The disease is caused by Arctibacteria, mainly due to excessive organic matter in the shrimp ponds, and the water quality is not good, causing the disease to multiply. Symptoms: The scorpion of the diseased shrimp is black, and there are dark spots on the side of both the cephalothorax and the plastron. The necrosis of the septum and the difficulty in breathing cause death. Preventive methods: Maintain good water quality. Treatment: 11-2ppm oxytetracycline and 1ppm nitrofurazone Quanchiposa once a day, with 3 times. 22ppm bleach Quanchiposa. (d) Treatment of red body disease (red leg disease) The disease may also be caused by pathogenic bacteria of the genus Vibrio, which is mainly due to improper operation and damage to the body of the shrimp causing infection. Symptoms: The caudal peduncle turns red and gradually expands into the abdominal swim foot, cephaloposonal foot and all appendages. In severe cases, the entire abdomen is red. The morbidity of the disease is high and the mortality rate is high. Even if the drug is used immediately after it is found, many sick shrimp will die. Preventive measures: Be careful when handling and do not damage the body of the shrimp. Treatment: Black shank disease. Seventh, catching big stay and small, arrested and listed. According to the short maturity cycle of shrimps, the continuous growth of small shrimps in shrimp ponds, and the large individual differences in growth, we have adopted a technical measure of letting go of one foot, multiple rounds of arrests, and catching big and small ones. The first implementation of this measure is to reduce the density of shrimp ponds, which is conducive to the growth of ponds, which is conducive to the increase in the size and yield of the green shrimps. Second, the market is balanced, and the prices are high and the benefits are good. Fishing methods: 1 2 to 4 shrimp cages per acre, trapped with shrimp cages. 2 Copy the net by hand and copy it under the water. 3 Put shallow water in the pond and round up with a net. 4 dry pond fishing.
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