For a long time, farmers and friends generally have unscientific fertilization and irrational fertilization. Fertilization should pay attention to balance. It is best to conduct soil tests and fertilize according to the formula. Otherwise, fertilizer waste, land fertility, environmental pollution, and even the quality of agricultural products will be reduced. Some well-known experts from the agricultural scientific research department of Henan Province and some “terrestrial experts†who have long been engaged in agricultural extension work at rural grassroots level in Sheqi County of Henan Province explored and summed up the laws of fertilizer requirements and balanced fertilization for some crops in practice. method.
How to apply fertilizer to corn and listen to experts explain in detail
In July, the autumn corn is about to enter the mid-term management period. Recently, many farmers' friends called the editorial office to inquire about corn dressing and spraying techniques. Jia Leijun, the government of Changge Guqiao Township, called and said that he was guilty of managing the technology of autumn corn. At this time in previous years, he sprayed and cured the insects once on the corn, and then applied carbon ammonium fertilizer once again. The method was simple. , but it has no effect. This year's agricultural prices have remained high. Farmers do not know how to spray pesticides in stages and apply compound fertilizers all over the place. They are eager to guide experts in spraying pesticides and fertilizing science and technology. Yao Wanshan, a research fellow at the Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences' Grain Crops Research Institute, said: The farmer friend just put forward two key issues for the upcoming mid-term management of autumn corn. One is topdressing, and the other is spraying pesticides. He said that the application of compound fertilizers to topdressing corn, such as "special formula for corn," applies the same compound fertilizer as compared to high yield, and the amount of fertilizer is generally 40 to 50 kg per mu. If farmers are too lazy to buy compound fertilizer, they can top up urea or ammonium bicarbonate, 40-50 kg of urea or 100 kg of ammonium per acre. Fertilization should be deep ditching, deep digging. In addition to the ready-made special compound fertilizers, it is also possible to determine the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium according to the fertility of the soil and the output index of 580 kilograms per mu to achieve the balance of fertilizer demand. The method is: Generally, 18 kg of pure nitrogen, 6 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 7.5 kg of potassium oxide and 1 kg of zinc sulfate are applied per acre. Phosphate fertilizers, potash fertilizers, and zinc sulfate can all be applied as seed fertilizers at the time of sowing, and nitrogen fertilizers can be applied in stages. Phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, zinc sulfate, and 40% nitrogen fertilizer are applied as seed fertilizers at the time of sowing. The depth of fertilizer application is generally less than 10 cm and must not be too close to the seeds to prevent seedlings from coming into contact with fertilizers.
Yao Wanshan researcher said that the prevention of pests and diseases in this period is also very important, mainly corn borer and cotton bollworm. There are many ways to prevent and treat corn borer, and 3% of furan granules can be used to add 0.5 kg/mu of 4 to 5 kg of fine sand or cinder to the corn cob. Can also be used 0.2 kg 1605 mix 5 kg of fine sand, knead it to the corn cob for pest control. If pest symptoms are found, the ear can be sprayed with 2.5% trichlorfon powder 2 to 2.5 kg per acre, or sprayed with 90% trichlorfon 800 to 1000 times. For the cotton bollworm, Starfire 3 800x can be used for spray control.
Yao Wanshan researcher reminded the majority of farmers, if corn seedlings did not weeding, we must pay attention to weeding during this period, available herbicide jade harvest, 90 ml per acre, add water spray.
Fertility regulation and high quality and high yield fertilization techniques for cotton
Fertilizer demand of cotton
The role of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in cotton production. Nitrogen has the most obvious effect on cotton, and it has the longest time. From the seedlings to flowering and ringing, they all need an appropriate supply of nitrogen. The amount of nitrogen is adequate, and the color of the cotton leaves is deep, the plants are robust, the bells are abundant, the yield is high, and the quality is good. If nitrogen is supplied too much at the seedling stage, it will cause cotton to grow long. If the supply of nitrogen in the medium term is insufficient, the cotton leaves will turn yellow and become smaller and fall off, resulting in premature aging and low yield. The excessive supply of nitrogen in the middle and late period will cause the cotton to grow wild, which will reduce the quality and seriously affect the output. Phosphorus can promote the development of root system and early growth of strong seedlings in the early growth period of cotton. It plays an important role in early flowering and early flowering, and it can promote early maturity, increase boll weight and improve quality in the later period. Potassium can play a role in strengthening the stalks and increasing resistance to adverse factors. In the absence of potassium, the plants are susceptible to disease, and the leaves turn red and die prematurely. Cotton stem blight is mainly caused by potassium deficiency.
According to tests, about 13.35 kg of nitrogen, 4.65 kg of phosphorus, and 13.35 kg of potassium are absorbed from the soil per 100 kg of lint produced. Our test result is that the yield of 100 kilograms of seed cotton from the soil absorbs 5 kg of nitrogen, 1.8 kg of phosphorus, and 4.6 kg of potassium. The above results are relatively close. The amount of nutrients absorbed by cotton at different growth stages is different. According to the study, the amount of N, P, and K absorbed at the seedling stage accounted for 5%, 3%, and 3% of the total amount of the whole period, respectively, and it was 11%, 7%, and 9% from flower buds to early flowering stages, respectively, from the early flowering stage. The peaks reached the full flowering period, which were 56%, 24%, and 36%, respectively, and were 23%, 52%, and 42% respectively from the full bloom to the initial flocculation. They dropped significantly after boll opening, which were 5%, 14%, and 10% respectively. It can be seen that the fertilizer requirement of each growth stage in cotton is: the peak period of fertilizer absorption is in the flowering and boll stage, and the peak period of nitrogen fertilizer absorption is in the full flowering period, and the peak value of phosphorus and potassium absorption is from flowering stage to boll opening stage.
Cotton balanced fertilization
1. Apply base fertilizer. Basal fertilizers should be dominated by organic fertilizers, generally about 4,000 kilograms of high quality farmhouse fertilizer per acre.
About 50 kilograms of cake fertilizer, 50 to 70 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, 30 kilograms of ammonium bicarbonate, 15 to 20 kilograms of potassium chloride, 1 kilogram of zinc and boron can be mixed with organic fertilizer. Or Mushi farmyard fertilizer 3000 ~ 4000 kg, in addition, can also apply 52% cotton formula fertilizer 20 kg.
2. Lightly Miao Fei. After the seedlings of cotton seedlings are transplanted and seedlings are transplanted, depending on the conditions of the base fertilizer, applying a certain amount of chemical fertilizers will have certain benefits for promoting the early growth of strong seedlings. Seedlings are generally dominated by nitrogenous fertilizers, with 2.5 kg of urea and 25 kg of cake fertilizer per acre.
3. Stable bud fertilizer. The requirements for nutrients began to increase after budding, and the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium absorption during the bud stage accounted for 11%, 7%, and 9% of the entire growth period. The bud stage should be followed by a certain amount of urine-based compound fertilizer. The ternary compound fertilizer can meet the needs of the cotton plant to send trees, but it is necessary to prevent the fertilizer from causing leggy, so it is necessary to grasp the stability and skillful application. Generally, in the early stage of budding, cotton can be topdressed with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium each containing 15% ternary compound fertilizer 20 to 25 kg. According to the experiment, Shi Lei Miao Shi Lei fertilizer production increased by 6.4% than the more than Shi Lei, weak seedlings more than the application of bud fertilizer less plant yield increase of 8.4%, Wang Miao Shi Lei fertilizer than the application did not reduce production by 10%, which shows that the application of bud fertilizer Shi, Shi Duo Shi Shao is very critical.
4. Reapply flowering period. Hua Bell Fertilizer is the period when cotton needs the most nutrients, and reapplying Hua Tui Fei has a significant effect on the struggle for “Three Peachâ€. The amount of topdressing should account for half or more of the total amount of topdressing throughout the growing season. Generally, when cotton plants have 1 to 2 cotton bolls, 25 to 30 kilograms of special fertilizer for 52% cotton and 10 to 15 kilograms of urea are applied. The distance between the fertilization and the root of the cotton plant is determined by the length of the cotton fruit branch. Generally, the plant is deep-distributed and covered with soil at a distance of 40 cm from the main stem of the cotton plant. However, specific operations should be adapted to local conditions, and fertilizers should be properly applied to fertile land and vigorous growing cotton fields. For the poor ground, poor basal fertilizer, and weak growing cotton fields should be properly applied early, but during this period, more than 80% of the cotton plants are topdressing and there are 1 to 2 young bells.
5. Apply top dressing fertilizer. The top dressing is mainly used to prevent late-stage fertilizer loss and early decline in cotton, so as to obtain more knots and increase the boll weight. At this point, supplemental fertilizers generally do not use root dressing, and most of them use extra-root fertilizer. For nitrogen-deficient cotton fields, spray 1%-1.5% urea solution 50-75 kilograms per mu, or spray Lei Lee 2000 liquid fertilizer, once for 5-7 days, and spray 2 or 3 times. For phosphorus deficiency and lack of potassium or prosperous glutinous green cotton, 7-10 days after the spraying, Lei Li 2000 liquid fertilizer plus alum liquid boron mixture even spray 2 or 3 times, to achieve late yellow leaves, no leaves, not premature aging, The purpose of high yield and quality. (Henan Provincial Department of Agriculture)