The tea rose is a rose plant suitable for growing in a sunny, air-circulating environment. It does not require strict soil, but the following aspects should be taken care of in open cultivation.
First, cultivation area. The tea roses are hi-light plants. During the cultivation process, sunny spots should be selected to prevent planting beside tall buildings, shade trees, and shade on the slopes. The ideal soil for cultivated tea roses should have good granule structure and rich organic matter content. The rose season of the tea rose has low requirements on the pH value of the soil. It can grow in the soil with a pH value of 5.5-8.0, but it grows best in a slightly acidic soil with a pH of 6. Most of the roots of the tea roses are concentrated in the soil surface 30 cm to 40 cm deep, so the depth of the tillage layer should be 50 cm to 60 cm.
Second, fertilizer selection. Fragrant roses are hi-fertilizers, especially organic fertilizers such as manure and compost. The application rate of organic fertilizer is about 150 kg per 10 strains. The tea rose has a long flowering period. During the growth process, it is necessary to pay attention to topdressing chemical fertilizers in order to obtain quick results. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratios of top dressing should be 1:1:2 or 1:2:3. The chemical fertilizer that is used frequently is superphosphate, with an average of 2 kilograms per 100 square meters.
Third, set the plant distance. The spacing of the plants cultivated in tea roses varies according to the purpose of cultivation. Varieties used for breeding or scientific research often use a row spacing of 150 cm and 80 cm; for parks, flower shops, streets, factories, mines and landscaping, local conditions should be adopted, and wider row spacing should be used. Before the planting, the seedlings should be pruned once, damaged branches, diseased branches and weak branches should be cut off, and damaged or too long roots should be cut off. The dryness and humidity of the soil should be suitable when planting. If it is too humid, planting should be postponed and the soil should be dried in the sun for a few days before being transplanted. If it is too dry, water should be poured 2 days to 3 days in advance.
Fourth, water management. Water management in tea roses is also an important task. Insufficient or excessive water will inhibit its growth and development. It needs to be adjusted according to its different growth and development stages. The spring and autumn seasons are the flowering peaks of the tea roses in the tea season. During this time, the water supply should be sufficient. Before planting the tea plants in the tea roses, watering should be suspended to control the growth of the plants, and watering volume should be increased after trimming. In addition, if it is cultivated in sandy soils with poor water retention, the number of waterings should be appropriately increased. In poorly drained soils, watering should be done carefully to prevent rot.
Fifth, trimming. Pruning is to allow the tea roses to grow as many robust branches as possible to improve the quality of flowering. In addition, pruning can also make the tree complete and balanced, making it in harmony with the living space. The optimum time for pruning is when the plant stops dormancy before it germinates, or when it stops growing near dormancy. There are three types of trimming: light trimming, moderate trimming and heavy trimming. Mild pruning is a short cut to healthy shoots, removing inwardly expanded shoots; moderate pruning is to cut or cut away half of the healthy branches of the first year; heavy pruning is to leave only 3 to 4 annual branches of the whole plant. And then 20 cm short cut from the ground. Plants that have just been transplanted, if planted before planting, do not need to be trimmed again in the first year of planting. One year later, it is possible to cut off the branches that grow thin and cross together, and cut off at least half the length of the strong branches left behind. Planting tea roses that have been planted for more than 3 years still needs to be trimmed every year to keep the plant type perfect.
Six, winter maintenance. In areas where the minimum temperature in winter is below -15°C, some antifreeze measures should be taken. For example, pile up 20 cm of soil at the base of the plant, or wrap the grass with straw, linen, plastic film, etc. In areas where the minimum temperature in winter has reached minus 20°C, the soil on one side of the plant will need to be loosened and the plants will be laid down and covered with soil.