Black fungus is China's traditional export commodity, and it has already achieved large-scale and bag-based cultivation. However, due to the extensive cultivation methods, lack of science, and supporting measures for pest control, the types of pests and diseases have increased, the spread has accelerated, and the damage has increased. This has become an important limiting factor for high yield and stable production of black fungus; therefore, it effectively controls black fungus disease. The harm of worms and bacteria is an important part of achieving high yield, stable production and high quality of black fungus. The prevention and control of edible fungus diseases, insects and miscellaneous bacteria must implement the principle of "prevention-oriented, comprehensive prevention and control." Special emphasis should be placed on the role of environmental hygiene and improvement of cultivation techniques, and the selection of species with good growth potential and strong resistance should be selected to control the occurrence of diseases, insects and miscellaneous bacteria. If it is really necessary to use chemical agents for adjuvant therapy, use highly effective, low-toxicity, low-residue pharmaceuticals, and ensure that they are used in a timely, appropriate, and reasonable manner. 1 Symptoms of green mold: White, slender mycelium grows in culture materials, indica inoculation holes or fruit bodies in the initial stage, and conidia can be formed in a few days. Once a large number of conidial spores form or mature, colonies become Green, powder, no fixed shape. Including green Trichoderma, Trichoderma koningii, and Trichoderma lignin. Trichoderma viride is widely found on various organic substances in nature and in the soil. Conifers of green Trichoderma are also floating in the air. Bag cultivation of black fungus, all kinds of opportunities are likely to bring spores into wood chips, bran, corn cobs and other culture materials, and the growth of weak fruiting bodies on the formation of colonies, pick ear ears are very susceptible to green mold Infection. The bacterium is suitable for growth under conditions of high temperature, high humidity, and acidic conditions of the culture materials, and is mainly transmitted by conidia through the air. Prevention and control measures: 1 Maintain the cleanliness of the surrounding environment; 2 Ventilation of ear and ear canals is convenient, and drainage is convenient; 3% 1% lime water is sprayed every 3 days after the ear is out; 4 Use fresh culture materials, strictly sterilize ; 5 to prevent tampon damp, bacterial bag damage, inoculation to aseptic operation; 6 if found in bag cultivation of black fungus opening with green mold contamination, can be applied with lime cream or formaldehyde; 7 if green mold occurs in the culture material When the surface is not yet in the material, it can be scrubbed with lime with a pH of 10, and can also be injected with mushroom fungus, formaldehyde, etc., and then sealed with a transparent tape to control the growth of green mold. The control methods of Penicillium, Mucor, and Cladosporium are the same as above. 2 Ears, also known as the ear. The black ear fungus is a physiological disorder in which cells are broken by water filling. Symptoms: After the ear is mature, the ears become soft, and the ears even dissolve in the ear. Ears mature if not timely harvest, high temperature, high humidity, poor light, poor ventilation, often resulting in a large area of ​​ear. The damage caused by bacteria and pests is also responsible for bad ears. Bag cultivation of black fungus, culture materials, too wet, high or low pH, will affect the normal growth of black fungus caused by bad ears. Prevention measures: 1 Strengthen cultivation and management, pay attention to ventilation, lighting, etc.; 2 timely harvest, ears close to mature or mature immediately harvest; 3 with a wooden knife to scrape the rotten ear, washed with 1% to 3% lime water; 4 large areas of the ear can be used when 0.5% Mushroom Ling liquid spraying control; 5 reasonable arrangements ear ear, avoid high temperature, high humidity season. 3 The common name Phlebochezia moths of the brown ringworm. Symptoms: At the beginning, the fruiting body of the fungus was leathery, lying flat on the surface of the ear, and the edges were rewinded. They often connected to each other in the form of imbricate. The base was raised and the edges were complete. The surface of the cap was fluffy, brown inside, and the edges were gray-brown. There are several rings of concentric ring grooves, and the outer ring has long hairs, which gradually become smooth and fade to light after ripening. The fungus is a common occurrence of harmful bacteria on the black fungus eucalyptus, and it can cause serious loss of fungus. The disease is related to the mycelium growing more rainy and eucalyptus containing more water. The formation of fruit bodies and direct sunlight have a very significant relationship with eucalyptus. Preventive measures: Reduce air humidity and moisture content of eucalyptus to prevent direct light on eucalyptus. 4 Cowhide hoop Symptoms: There are two types of common ear: black and white, black is brownish, and white is bamboo shoot color. The occurrence of cowhide hoop is closely attached to the ear, resembling a plaster, and the edge is not curled up, so that it can be distinguished from the Phalaenopsis moth. Cowhide hoop is a kind of serious bacteria harmful to fungus. It is prone to occur under wet and rainy weather. When it is severe, it is covered with earwoods, causing the fungus wood to be powdery and decayed. A devastating disease in black fungus. Prevention and control measures: Ears should be kept out of direct sunlight, ear piles should pay attention to ventilation and ventilation, and management should be strengthened so that poles can be turned and diligently sprayed and diligently weeded. Excessive tree branches and shrubs should be removed. After the rain, special attention should be paid to the drainage of the ditch. Prevent ear water accumulation. A knife was used to scrape off the bacteria and the nearby corroded wood. The scraped wound can be brushed with 3% to 5% of the parental fluid to inhibit the spread of germs. Serious infections should be promptly removed and sent to the ear field for burning or burying. 5 Black light pseudoworm A common name for black shellworm or fish, is one of the main pests of black fungus cultivated in camphor wood. Adults are black, shiny, oblong; egg white, long oval, smooth surface; larvae are old, hard, tan; nymphs are naked, light yellow. Control methods: In winter and spring, stubbles and nearby bricks, rocks, litter, litter, or rotten grass in the ear canal are thoroughly removed, and are treated or burned. From March to April, during the overwintering adult activity, the ground was sprayed with 200-fold solution of dichlorvos. The ears that were vaccinated in that year were best placed on the sunny slopes, with small sleepers at both ends of the ears to facilitate sunlight and air circulation, and to suppress the occurrence of black light pseudo-steps. When picking the pole, it is found that there are insects that must be caught and killed in time.
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