The bean pod borer, scientifically known as *Marubathra testulalis* (Geyer), is also commonly referred to as the legume pod borer, bean pod moth, or soybean pod worm. This pest belongs to the family Noctuidae and primarily targets various leguminous crops such as soybeans (Edamame), kidney beans, lentils, green beans, peas, and broad beans.
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What are the signs of infestation? The larvae feed on the leaves, flowers, and pods of the bean plants. They often bore into young seeds, leaving fecal matter inside the pods and creating holes through which they exit. Infested pods become bitter and inedible. In severe cases, up to 70% of the crop may be damaged, leading to significant yield losses. Morphological features: Adult moths measure about 13mm in length, with two white, transparent patches on the forewings. The hind wings are pale and translucent, with dark brown wavy patterns. Eggs are small, measuring approximately 0.6 x 0.4 mm, flat, oval, light green, and have a hexagonal, net-like surface. The final instar larvae are around 18mm long, yellow-green in color, with a brown head and pronotum. On the middle and back thoracodorsal plates, there are six dark brown hairs—four at the front with two bristles each, and two at the back with one bristle each. The abdomen has similar hairs but each has only one bristle. The pupa is about 13mm long, yellow-brown, with a prominent head and red-brown compound eyes. Before emerging, adults show visible transparent spots on their forewings. Life habits: In North China, this pest completes 3–4 generations per year, while in Central and South China, it can reach up to 7 generations. Overwintering occurs in the soil, and larvae are active from June to October. Adults are attracted to light, and eggs are laid on tender shoots, buds, and stems. Egg development takes 2–3 days, and larvae go through five instars. Newly hatched larvae feed on tender shoots or flower buds, causing bud loss. After the third instar, they bore into developing pods, consuming 2–3 pods per larva. Rain can cause larvae to rot, and they are often found feeding on Zizania and other grasses. Larvae take 8–10 days to mature, and older larvae feed on the edges of leaves, leaving behind mucus trails on the soil surface. The pupal stage lasts 4–10 days. This pest thrives in a wide temperature range (7–31°C), with optimal development at 28°C and humidity between 80–85%. Control measures: 1. Regularly remove fallen flowers, leaves, and damaged pods to reduce the pest population. 2. Apply insecticides after the larvae hatch and before they enter the pods. Targeted sprays should be used to ensure contact with the larvae. Effective options include: - 90% trichlorfon diluted 1000 times - 20% triazophos diluted 700 times - 2.5% deltamethrin diluted 3000 times - 10% cypermethrin diluted 1000 times - 10% imidacloprid WP diluted 1000–1500 times Spray from the bud stage, repeating every 10 days to control infestations. If other pests are present, additional treatments may be necessary. Proper monitoring and timely intervention are essential for effective management of this destructive legume pest.
What are the signs of infestation? The larvae feed on the leaves, flowers, and pods of the bean plants. They often bore into young seeds, leaving fecal matter inside the pods and creating holes through which they exit. Infested pods become bitter and inedible. In severe cases, up to 70% of the crop may be damaged, leading to significant yield losses. Morphological features: Adult moths measure about 13mm in length, with two white, transparent patches on the forewings. The hind wings are pale and translucent, with dark brown wavy patterns. Eggs are small, measuring approximately 0.6 x 0.4 mm, flat, oval, light green, and have a hexagonal, net-like surface. The final instar larvae are around 18mm long, yellow-green in color, with a brown head and pronotum. On the middle and back thoracodorsal plates, there are six dark brown hairs—four at the front with two bristles each, and two at the back with one bristle each. The abdomen has similar hairs but each has only one bristle. The pupa is about 13mm long, yellow-brown, with a prominent head and red-brown compound eyes. Before emerging, adults show visible transparent spots on their forewings. Life habits: In North China, this pest completes 3–4 generations per year, while in Central and South China, it can reach up to 7 generations. Overwintering occurs in the soil, and larvae are active from June to October. Adults are attracted to light, and eggs are laid on tender shoots, buds, and stems. Egg development takes 2–3 days, and larvae go through five instars. Newly hatched larvae feed on tender shoots or flower buds, causing bud loss. After the third instar, they bore into developing pods, consuming 2–3 pods per larva. Rain can cause larvae to rot, and they are often found feeding on Zizania and other grasses. Larvae take 8–10 days to mature, and older larvae feed on the edges of leaves, leaving behind mucus trails on the soil surface. The pupal stage lasts 4–10 days. This pest thrives in a wide temperature range (7–31°C), with optimal development at 28°C and humidity between 80–85%. Control measures: 1. Regularly remove fallen flowers, leaves, and damaged pods to reduce the pest population. 2. Apply insecticides after the larvae hatch and before they enter the pods. Targeted sprays should be used to ensure contact with the larvae. Effective options include: - 90% trichlorfon diluted 1000 times - 20% triazophos diluted 700 times - 2.5% deltamethrin diluted 3000 times - 10% cypermethrin diluted 1000 times - 10% imidacloprid WP diluted 1000–1500 times Spray from the bud stage, repeating every 10 days to control infestations. If other pests are present, additional treatments may be necessary. Proper monitoring and timely intervention are essential for effective management of this destructive legume pest.
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