1, tea seedlings disease (1) distribution and symptoms: tea seedlings disease is a common nursery root disease. Wide range of distribution, serious damage. In addition to tea, there are still more than 200 species of plants such as melons, Solanaceae, hemp, tobacco, and peanuts. Occurred in the root and neck, the disease was a brown spot at the beginning, the surface of white cotton wool-like material, expanded around the neck after a round, shape or white lenticular fibroids, can be extended to the soil surface. The rapeseed sclerotia formed in the diseased part later, from white to yellow-brown to dark brown. Due to the pathogenic effect of pathogens, the cortex of the diseased plants was rotted and the transportation of water and nutrients was hindered. The leaves wilted and fell off and the whole plant died.
(2) Pathogen: It is a fungus of the genus Basidiomycetes. The mycelia were initially colorless, followed by brownish, dense, sclerotia. Sclerotia round, smooth surface, hard, dark brown. Propagation bodies, namely basal and basidiospores, are produced under humid and hot conditions, but they are not common and have little effect on disease transmission.
(3) Occurrence pattern: The sclerotia is mainly wintered in the soil or attached to the diseased tissue and can survive for 5 to 6 years under dry conditions. At the turn of spring and summer of the second year, hyphae will germinate when the temperature and humidity are suitable, spread along the soil gap or spread with rainwater, irrigation water, agricultural implements, etc., injuring the roots and necks of the seedlings. High-temperature and high-humidity are conducive to the onset of disease, with the highest incidence from June to August. The soil is heavy, the acid is too large, the terrain is low, the tea grows poorly, and before it is a parasitic disease, the disease is also heavy.
(4) Prevention and control methods: Select the nursery for raw or non-infested crops. Pay attention to the drainage of tea gardens, improve the soil, promote the construction of seedlings, and enhance the resistance to disease. Infected nursery should remove diseased seedlings and disinfect soil in time. The agent used 50% carbendazim 500 times, 0.5% copper sulfate or 70% thiophanate 500 times. Transplanting tea leaves can be sterilized with 20% lime water.
2. Tea Root Cancer (compared with Blight)
(1) Distribution and Symptoms: The main damage to tea seedlings occurs in some tea areas, causing tea seedlings to die. Common in cutting nursery, the main lateral root can be victimized. The bacteria invaded from cuttings or root wounds of the cuttings, resulting in light brown spherical protrusions at the beginning, and then gradually expanded like a tumor, small like miliary, large like peas, multiple tumors often healed into irregular large tumors. Nodule brown, lignified and hard, rough surface. After saplings are damaged, the fibrous roots are reduced, and the above-ground parts grow poorly or die.
(2) Pathogens: The tea root cancer is a bacillus, a bacterium. The bacteria are short-barreled with 1 to 3 polar flagella. An off-white, round colony forms on plain medium. The optimal temperature for development is 25-29°C and the lethal temperature is 51°C (10 minutes). Developed best at pH 7.3.
(3) The law of occurrence: Root cancer bacteria live in soil or diseased tissues. When the environment is suitable the following year, it will be harmed by water flow, underground insects and farm implements. The bacteria invade from the wounds or cuts of the seedlings, grow and develop in the tissues, and stimulate the cells to accelerate the division and produce cancerous tumors.
(4) Control methods: Strict seedling inspection, prevention of underground pests, and reduction of root wounds. When necessary, seedlings can be soaked with 20% lime water for 10 minutes and then transplanted.
3. Root-knot Nematode Disease of Tea (1) Distribution and Symptoms: Mainly distributed in warm tea producing areas. The disease is caused by a very small nematode. When the nematode invades tea roots, it causes the roots to form tumors, resembling soybeans, rapeseeds, etc., and are of different sizes. The roots of the affected species need not be rooted, deformed, and sometimes the root end is thicker than the front end. The above-ground part of the diseased plant had poor growth, the plants were short, the growth was weak, and the leaves were yellow. In dry season, the leaves were easily detached and died.
(2) Occurrence pattern: Root-knot nematodes are aerobic organisms that are hi-dry and dry. They occur in multiple generations in one year. When the soil temperature reaches 25 to 30°C and the soil moisture is about 50%, they are high in the topography and have loose soil structure. In soil, one generation can be completed within 20 to 30 days, while nematodes in the top soil occur more than in the bottom soil, and they cease to be active at temperatures below 10°C.
(3) Control methods:
1 Choose raw land as a nursery, if it is planted with peanuts, melons, beans, sweet potatoes and other crops, it should not be used as a nursery. In the summer, the soil should be deeply turned and exposed to sunlight for 10 days before turning it over once to kill the soil. In the nematode.
2 The existing diseased seedlings should be supplemented with phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer; the disease resistance should be improved, and disinfection with lime or applying 1:20 tea dry water to the soil also has better control effect.
(4) Distribution and Symptoms of Purple Violet (1) Distribution and Symptoms: It is distributed in various tea production areas, but it is more common in North China and East China. The disease mainly occurs in the seedling stage and adult plant stage. It damages the roots or roots and necks. It first rots brownish roots or dark browns, then spreads to the lateral roots and becomes purple-brown after decay. The lesions are covered with purple-brown filaments. On the surface of the disease, there is a hemispherical granular granular nucleus and small stem base plus centimeter, which is often surrounded by purplish red seedlings. The texture is soft, and it is easy to peel off. The root cortex is also easy to exfoliate. In severe cases, the ground part is wilting and the new shoots are reduced. The diseased plant died.
(2) The law of occurrence: Generally, the incidence of severe diseases such as high groundwater level, poor drainage, and excessively dry soil in tea gardens is relatively high at the turn of spring and summer or at the turn of the summer and autumn. The bacteria can survive in the soil for many years and operate with farming; rain, underground pests and roots contact and spread and spread. Long-distance spread can also be carried out when transporting carriers of seedlings and soil. Continuous crops and former susceptible crops are also susceptible to disease.
(3) Control methods:
Sterile and healthy seedlings were used to find the diseased seedlings in time to excavate and burn them out. The tools were washed after use, and then the other healthy seedlings were immersed for 1 hour with 20% lime emulsion, or 50% carbendazim 1000 dilutions were soaked for half an hour. After planting. Drainage and tea gardens with high water levels should pay attention to drainage. Drainage trenches should be dug before boring. Soils that had previously been planted with sweet potato, potato, and fruit trees and had been affected with this disease were disinfected with 70% chloronitrobenzene, 2.5 kg of fine soil per acre for soil disinfection, or 30 times diluted with formalin. The soil was poured into the soil and the root and neck were poured with potassium permanganate or a 1000-fold dilution solution at the beginning of the disease.
(2) Pathogen: It is a fungus of the genus Basidiomycetes. The mycelia were initially colorless, followed by brownish, dense, sclerotia. Sclerotia round, smooth surface, hard, dark brown. Propagation bodies, namely basal and basidiospores, are produced under humid and hot conditions, but they are not common and have little effect on disease transmission.
(3) Occurrence pattern: The sclerotia is mainly wintered in the soil or attached to the diseased tissue and can survive for 5 to 6 years under dry conditions. At the turn of spring and summer of the second year, hyphae will germinate when the temperature and humidity are suitable, spread along the soil gap or spread with rainwater, irrigation water, agricultural implements, etc., injuring the roots and necks of the seedlings. High-temperature and high-humidity are conducive to the onset of disease, with the highest incidence from June to August. The soil is heavy, the acid is too large, the terrain is low, the tea grows poorly, and before it is a parasitic disease, the disease is also heavy.
(4) Prevention and control methods: Select the nursery for raw or non-infested crops. Pay attention to the drainage of tea gardens, improve the soil, promote the construction of seedlings, and enhance the resistance to disease. Infected nursery should remove diseased seedlings and disinfect soil in time. The agent used 50% carbendazim 500 times, 0.5% copper sulfate or 70% thiophanate 500 times. Transplanting tea leaves can be sterilized with 20% lime water.
2. Tea Root Cancer (compared with Blight)
(1) Distribution and Symptoms: The main damage to tea seedlings occurs in some tea areas, causing tea seedlings to die. Common in cutting nursery, the main lateral root can be victimized. The bacteria invaded from cuttings or root wounds of the cuttings, resulting in light brown spherical protrusions at the beginning, and then gradually expanded like a tumor, small like miliary, large like peas, multiple tumors often healed into irregular large tumors. Nodule brown, lignified and hard, rough surface. After saplings are damaged, the fibrous roots are reduced, and the above-ground parts grow poorly or die.
(2) Pathogens: The tea root cancer is a bacillus, a bacterium. The bacteria are short-barreled with 1 to 3 polar flagella. An off-white, round colony forms on plain medium. The optimal temperature for development is 25-29°C and the lethal temperature is 51°C (10 minutes). Developed best at pH 7.3.
(3) The law of occurrence: Root cancer bacteria live in soil or diseased tissues. When the environment is suitable the following year, it will be harmed by water flow, underground insects and farm implements. The bacteria invade from the wounds or cuts of the seedlings, grow and develop in the tissues, and stimulate the cells to accelerate the division and produce cancerous tumors.
(4) Control methods: Strict seedling inspection, prevention of underground pests, and reduction of root wounds. When necessary, seedlings can be soaked with 20% lime water for 10 minutes and then transplanted.
3. Root-knot Nematode Disease of Tea (1) Distribution and Symptoms: Mainly distributed in warm tea producing areas. The disease is caused by a very small nematode. When the nematode invades tea roots, it causes the roots to form tumors, resembling soybeans, rapeseeds, etc., and are of different sizes. The roots of the affected species need not be rooted, deformed, and sometimes the root end is thicker than the front end. The above-ground part of the diseased plant had poor growth, the plants were short, the growth was weak, and the leaves were yellow. In dry season, the leaves were easily detached and died.
(2) Occurrence pattern: Root-knot nematodes are aerobic organisms that are hi-dry and dry. They occur in multiple generations in one year. When the soil temperature reaches 25 to 30°C and the soil moisture is about 50%, they are high in the topography and have loose soil structure. In soil, one generation can be completed within 20 to 30 days, while nematodes in the top soil occur more than in the bottom soil, and they cease to be active at temperatures below 10°C.
(3) Control methods:
1 Choose raw land as a nursery, if it is planted with peanuts, melons, beans, sweet potatoes and other crops, it should not be used as a nursery. In the summer, the soil should be deeply turned and exposed to sunlight for 10 days before turning it over once to kill the soil. In the nematode.
2 The existing diseased seedlings should be supplemented with phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer; the disease resistance should be improved, and disinfection with lime or applying 1:20 tea dry water to the soil also has better control effect.
(4) Distribution and Symptoms of Purple Violet (1) Distribution and Symptoms: It is distributed in various tea production areas, but it is more common in North China and East China. The disease mainly occurs in the seedling stage and adult plant stage. It damages the roots or roots and necks. It first rots brownish roots or dark browns, then spreads to the lateral roots and becomes purple-brown after decay. The lesions are covered with purple-brown filaments. On the surface of the disease, there is a hemispherical granular granular nucleus and small stem base plus centimeter, which is often surrounded by purplish red seedlings. The texture is soft, and it is easy to peel off. The root cortex is also easy to exfoliate. In severe cases, the ground part is wilting and the new shoots are reduced. The diseased plant died.
(2) The law of occurrence: Generally, the incidence of severe diseases such as high groundwater level, poor drainage, and excessively dry soil in tea gardens is relatively high at the turn of spring and summer or at the turn of the summer and autumn. The bacteria can survive in the soil for many years and operate with farming; rain, underground pests and roots contact and spread and spread. Long-distance spread can also be carried out when transporting carriers of seedlings and soil. Continuous crops and former susceptible crops are also susceptible to disease.
(3) Control methods:
Sterile and healthy seedlings were used to find the diseased seedlings in time to excavate and burn them out. The tools were washed after use, and then the other healthy seedlings were immersed for 1 hour with 20% lime emulsion, or 50% carbendazim 1000 dilutions were soaked for half an hour. After planting. Drainage and tea gardens with high water levels should pay attention to drainage. Drainage trenches should be dug before boring. Soils that had previously been planted with sweet potato, potato, and fruit trees and had been affected with this disease were disinfected with 70% chloronitrobenzene, 2.5 kg of fine soil per acre for soil disinfection, or 30 times diluted with formalin. The soil was poured into the soil and the root and neck were poured with potassium permanganate or a 1000-fold dilution solution at the beginning of the disease.
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