With the adjustment of industrial structure, the cultivation area of ​​economic crops such as vegetables has been expanding year by year, which has led to an increase in soil diseases in greenhouses and sunlight greenhouses, such as certain fungal diseases, bacterial diseases, root-knot nematode diseases, etc. Some soils appear to be acidified and knotted. Some plant pathogens cannot be found after death. The actual result is salt damage caused by soil salinization.
To determine these issues, soil disinfection is particularly important. Using lime nitrogen (calcium ammonia cyanide), in the months of June and July, the soil was sterilized using summer heat + lime nitrogen + straw.
According to the Greenhouse cultivation area and the degree of disease, choose different doses and methods:
1. Sprinkle straw or wheat straw (1 kg per square meter) and lime nitrogen (0.1 kg per square meter) on the floor of the shed, fully mix with the soil (rotate the plow twice), and ridge ( The width of the ridge is 60 cm and the height is 40 cm. It is covered with a Plastic Film. The water is filled in the ditch and the facilities and the greenhouse are closed. The surface temperature can reach 60-70°C during the day, and the depth of 20 cm deep soil is between 40-50°C for 20-30 days, which can be used for soil disinfection and salt reduction.
2. For plots with less than 20 cm soil tillage, soil consolidation in heavily shed greenhouses, or root-knot nematodes occur in more common sheds. Disinfection must be done by deep-sweeping the soil 30 to 40 cm before spreading Lime nitrogen, straw (grained wheat straw or corn stover, residual grass residue from cattle, fresh guava pods, and legume pods), rotary tillage twice, re-ridged, covered mulch (enclosed as tight as possible), irrigation, closed shed , steamed at high temperature. Disinfection time can be from mid-June to mid-August (about 25 days of boring). The higher the temperature, the better the insecticidal and bactericidal effects.
3, For diseases, insect pests are not too serious, or only shed dead and root worms, or sheds that have been strictly sterilized in the previous year can adopt simple ridge and furrow alternating no-tillage method, as follows:
The first step is to dig the original aisle into a ditch 30 to 40 cm wide and 25 to 30 cm deep to place vegetable plants (including diseased bodies, 2,000-3,000 kilograms per mu of fresh pods), or other stalks ( 600-1000 kg dry stalks, etc., applied to the ditch with lime nitrogen (50 kg per mu) and the organic manure used for the lower crops, backfilled with ridges and ridges;
The second step: leveling and then sprinkle a layer of lime nitrogen (15 kg per mu), and then will take the original ridge dorsal soil cover on top to form a new ridge back, the original back into a ditch.
The third step: covering the film, irrigation, boring 20 days or so. Pay attention to the cleanliness of the shed film, maintain a good light transmission, and improve the disinfection effect.
Step 4: Uncover the film and dry it for 5 to 7 days. According to the gargle, you can directly plant the pod crops (loof gossypium, beans, heat-resistant cabbage, etc.). If the summer and autumn crops are planted, no other fertilizers can be used for direct cultivation.
How to reduce the re-infection of pests and diseases after soil disinfection?
For greenhouses or greenhouses that have been planted for many years, disinfection with lime-nitrogen has a good effect on killing and controlling soil-borne diseases and root-knot nematodes. The following points still need attention:
1. When disinfecting, put the tools into the shed at the same time,
2. Prepare special work clothes and shoes for work in the greenhouse.
3, seedlings to take soilless substrate, or nursery soil must be disinfected. Eliminate or reduce the re-invasion of foreign germs and nematodes.
4, in the fertilization to increase biological bacterial fertilizers, such as Bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes, phosphate, potassium and other microbial microbial fertilizer, improve the vitality of soil microorganisms.
5, biological bacterial fertilizer and fertilizer separately, can be used in advance fertilizer, colonization and then biological bacteria fertilizer, furrow application or acupuncture points, such as Luhong agricultural anti-folding point fertilizer (containing trace elements and every 200 million / g Microbial viable bacteria).
6, need special attention is the lime nitrogen (calcium cyanide calcium) after disinfection, especially the fully sterilized greenhouses, in the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to reduce the normal amount of 1/3, otherwise easily lead to seedlings of the leggy, calcium fertilizer can be No need to use it, it can basically meet the normal growth needs of vegetables.
7, the best choice for soil disinfection when the best choice for better results.
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