How to fertilize grapes? Pay attention to fertilization after harvesting grapes! At present, the grapes from all over the country have entered the mature harvesting period. This year, the grape market is better, and the income of fruit farmers is also considerable. While being happy for the fruit farmers, we must also remind everyone that after the busy sales, they should not neglect the post-management. Grape harvesting to defoliation is the peak period of photosynthesis of plant leaves and the peak period of grape root growth. The better the mature shoots of the postharvest grapes, the more adequate the anti-freeze exercise before the winter, and the stronger the cold resistance. The management of the grapes after harvesting is as important as the management of flowering and fruiting, which directly affects grape production next year.
What physiological changes will occur after harvesting the grapes?
During the period from grape harvesting to winter pruning, the physiological characteristics of growth mainly have the following three characteristics:
- 1. Flower bud differentiation. The grape is a fruit tree that undergoes flower bud differentiation on the one hand. Although the inflorescence primordium does not differentiate after the hard core stage, the next time is the process of nutrient accumulation until the spring of the second year forms a complete inflorescence. If the management is not neglected after the fruit picking, the supply of nutrients is insufficient, and the leaves are prematurely fading, which will inevitably affect the germination and flower differentiation in the coming year.
- 2. The tree is in recession. Taking Jufeng grape as an example, after harvesting, the wounds left by each fruit picking are 35-40, so many wounds are experiencing high temperature and drought, and the breathing is more intense, which greatly consumes the nutrients stored in the tree, resulting in The tree is in recession.
- 3. Tree nutrient imbalance. Before the grape fruit is harvested, the nutrient presence and utilization of the various organs of the tree can be mutually coordinated. For example, when the foliage is undernourished, it can be transferred from the fruit to the past. However, when the grape fruit is picked, its “nutrition reservoir†is taken away, breaking the nutrient balance of the tree, and the nutrients required for the life activities of the tree are drastically reduced.
What management measures should be taken into account after harvesting grapes?
One is to protect the leaves and control the tip.
Bao Ye:
- 1 Strictly control the use of sulfur preparation pesticides in the late growth period (after mid-August) to prevent premature leaf failure and reduce photosynthetic efficiency.
- 2 Minimize the damage of artificially damaged leaves. After harvesting, the fruits should be minimized or even not used.
- 3 Avoid burning the burned leaves caused by high temperature pouring, or apply diammonium on the ground in high temperature weather. After the water is sprayed, the sun will produce ammonia gas, causing leaf damage.
- 4 Prevention and treatment of downy mildew, black pox disease, brown spot disease, two-leaf spider mites, green blind mites and other late pests and diseases, restore the tree potential, promote the early maturity, prevent premature deciduous leaves.
Controlled by:
- 1 Take measures such as topping and smearing to control the growth, so as to reduce the inefficient consumption of nutrients, and promote the main vines and the retained secondary shoots to be thick and full, and the buds are full and full.
- 2 After 15 to 20 days of fruit picking, the branches are reasonably pruned, the thick branches are left, the thin branches are left less, the dense branches, the thin branches, the diseased branches and the early elimination.
The second is cultivating loose soil.
In the early management process, the vineyard ground will often be trampled and too tight, affecting the root growth of the plant. Therefore, after picking the fruit, it should be timely cultivating and weeding, and moderately deep-turning, which is beneficial to the loose and permeable soil, water and fertilizer, and promote the growth of new roots.
The cultivating loose soil should be carried out during the wet period of irrigation or rain, and the soil should be broken to prevent drought in the future. It is important to remember that cultivating loose soil should not be carried out during high temperature and drought periods, otherwise it will aggravate the occurrence of drought.
The third is fertilizer management.
Fruit-harvesting: In order to promote tree recovery, preserve leaves, prolong photosynthesis time, and promote shoot maturity, fruit fertilizer should be applied. It can be carried out immediately after harvesting, and it is advisable to use ditching. The fertilizer can be selected from balanced compound fertilizer + sea spirit bio-stimulant (root application type) 300 times liquid. For the more prosperous trees, less or no application is needed to prevent the new shoots from growing and consuming nutrients.
Lower autumn fertilizer: generally completed from late September to early November. At an angle of 70 to 80 cm from the base of the trunk, an annular groove of 40 cm in width and 50 cm in depth is dug outward. Generally, the manure per mu is 2000-3000 kg, and the cake fertilizer is 100-150 kg. After adding 100 kg of superphosphate, it is applied and covered. For the boron-deficient orchard, 0.1 kg of borax can be applied per mu along with the base fertilizer to ensure sufficient supply of nutrients in the autumn tree.
Moisture management: The genus is a shallow-rooted plant, and most of the roots are distributed 10 to 30 cm below the surface of the earth. It is highly vulnerable in the high temperature and drought. Drought damage can cause the leaves of the grapes to be severely curled, the nutrients of the branches to fall, and the flower bud differentiation to stop. Therefore, in the high temperature and dry season in autumn, the vineyards should be filled with horse water in a timely manner, but not in the high temperature period from 10 am to 6 pm.
Nowadays, it is the season of grape picking in various places, such as red, summer and black. Our technical teacher visited and found that after the grape picking, the general fruit growers neglected the application of base fertilizer in autumn and winter, one was afraid of trouble; the second was that the autumn fertilization caused the grape to suffer from freezing damage in the winter; the third is that it is doubtful whether the application of the base fertilizer in autumn is effective.
Shouldn't the base fertilizer be applied to the vineyard after picking?
The "moon child fat" should be applied immediately after the grapes are picked!
After the vines are harvested, the fruit takes away most of the nutrients in the soil and in the trees. At this time, the vine body is as weak as a woman who has a confinement after childbirth. It is necessary to replenish nutrition in time to restore the tree.
At this time, if the vine tree is applied to the vine tree, the tree can be quickly restored, and sufficient nutrients can be produced and stored by photosynthesis before the leaves are fallen. The grape has two peaks of rooting in one year, the first in the spring and the second in September-November. At this time, the fertilizer supplement can provide sufficient energy for flower bud differentiation and high yield harvest in the coming year. At the same time, because the vine has sufficient energy, it can effectively prevent cold and freeze when winter arrives. Reduce the damage caused by frost!
How to properly apply the fertilizer to the post-harvest grapes?
Some growers, although they are also supplemented after harvesting, still have insufficient stamina during the next year's growth period. In response to this kind of situation, the agrochemical teacher came to teach you how to properly apply the “moon child fertilizer†after grape picking.
- 1. The first fertilization proposal for Yuezi Fertilizer is about one week after harvesting.
- 2. Pay attention to supplement all kinds of large and medium trace elements as well as amino acid, fulvic acid and seaweed active substances during fertilization, so as to protect the root system, keep the leaves thick green, ensure the photosynthesis is normal, and quickly restore the tree effect.
- 3. The second use of fertilizer after harvesting should focus on the supplement of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, medium and trace elements and organic fertilizer. Can be applied slowly and controlled release compound fertilizer 40-50 kg + moderate amount of trace elements
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