Release date: 2017-01-04
Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed a new approach to customizing therapeutic vaccines for colon and melanoma. The technology revolves around the "nano-disc", a tiny synthetic high-density lipoprotein loaded with genetic material from patients. Nanodiscs recognize and kill cancer by activating the patient's own immune system.
It is reported that each nanodisk contains a patient-specific new tumor antigen, which is a genetic mutation in tumor cells. When entering the human body as a vaccine, the nanodisc causes the immune system to produce T cells that recognize specific tumors in the patient and kill the tumor.
To test the technique, the researchers combined the vaccine with an immunoassay inhibitor and tested it in mice with melanoma and colon tumors. In most animals, the tumor is killed within 10 days of treatment. When the researchers re-implanted the same tumor cells into mice after 70 days, the cells were resistant to the immune system and no new tumors appeared.
Rui Kuai, a Ph.D. student in pharmacology at the first author of the study, said: "This suggests that the immune system produces long-term memory immunity to cancer cells." The study was published in the journal Nature Materials.
Because the initial results are so exciting, the University of Michigan has set up a separate biotechnology company to further develop nano-disc vaccines. The company, called EVOQ Therapeutics, will conduct further animal studies and then transfer the technology to clinical trials.
EVOQ will combine the two most popular areas of oncology research: immunology and personalization. Researchers continue to improve the way cancer is treated by fine-tuning the use of genetic data. For example, scientists at the University of California, San Diego, are investigating the intervention of some colon cancer patients by blocking two genetic pathways, ERK1 / 2 and ERK5. Researchers at Tel Aviv University have discovered a link between microRNA and melanoma metastasis and are validating compounds that disrupt disease transmission.
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"Vaccine 'nanodiscs' could personalize cancer immunotherapy"
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