Ducks need to constantly absorb more than 40 compounds or chemical elements from the diet in order to maintain life, promote growth and reproduction of offspring (mating and laying eggs), and these very useful chemicals for ducks are called nutrients (or nutrients). ). In summary, nutrients can be divided into six major categories, namely: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water. Various nutrients have different functions, but they are all part of the duck body and are indispensable. Otherwise, it will cause malnutrition, hinder the normal growth and development of ducks and the performance of laying performance. In severe cases, it will even lead to death, resulting in great losses. For this reason, we breeders need to provide a balanced, sufficient amount of nutrients to ducks through feed to obtain higher economic benefits. After the laying duck enters the production of eggs, the demand for nutrients is higher than in previous stages. In addition to the nutrients necessary for maintaining vital activities, more nutrients necessary for the production of large quantities of eggs are needed. If you cannot provide enough nutrients in your diet, high yields are impossible to achieve. The energy, protein, and calcium requirements for feeds are calculated as follows: (1) Energy needs: Mainly determined by weight, egg weight, ambient temperature, and egg production rate. The energy requirement is calculated by maintaining the required metabolic energy and the metabolic energy needed to produce the eggs (calculated based on egg size and egg production rate). For example, for female ducks weighing 1.5 kilograms, the metabolic energy required for daily maintenance is assumed to be 859 kilojoules, and for each 67 gm egg produced requires about 878 kilojoules of metabolizable energy, and the egg production rate is 90%. The daily required metabolic energy for this duck is: (859 878) 0.9 = 1563.3 (kJ) Assuming that the diet fed contains 10,460 kJ of metabolic energy per kilogram, the daily feed of this duck is: 1563.310460 = 0.150 (Kg) That is, the daily feed of this duck should be set at 150 grams. (2) Protein needs: Mainly determined by body weight, egg production rate, egg weight, and protein digestibility and utilization. Protein requirements are calculated as follows: protein requirement = (maintain protein production requires egg production (%)) / (protein digestibility protein utilization) (3) calcium requirement: mainly determined by body weight Egg production rate, egg weight and ambient temperature and other factors. For example: a 1.5 kilogram duck, daily calcium maintenance needs about 0.18 grams, such as the production of a 67-gram egg, which accounted for 10% eggshell, shell weight 6.7 grams, about calcium in the eggshell 40%, that is, the calcium content in the eggshell is about 2.68 grams, and the egg contains 0.03 grams of calcium. The total is: 0.18 2.68 0.03 = 2.89 grams. Assuming that the digestibility and utilization of dietary calcium is only 60% in ducks, the daily calcium requirement of this duck is 2.89g/0.6 = 4.82g (calculated at 100% egg production rate). If the duck feeds 155 grams per day, then the calcium content in the diet is 3.1% (4.82/155 = 0.031) to meet its calcium requirement for egg production. Of course, the nutritional needs of laying ducks are far more than the above three, and there are other inorganic salts and various vitamins that should be properly fed according to needs.
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