Chrysanthemum is a perennial herbaceous plant. It enjoys a sunny, cool, cold-free climate and a dry, well-ventilated environment. It requires a humus-rich, fertile and loose neutral soil that is resistant to drought and weak alkalis. The suitable growth temperature is 15°C. To 25 °C. There are several key technical essentials for cutting chrysanthemums in Daejeon.
The varieties can be selected from the varieties of late autumn chrysanthemum and winter chrysanthemum that are not easily affected by freezing. The cold resistance is strong, the petals are thick and hard, the stems are thick and straight, the sections are even, and the leaves are thick and flat, suitable for long-distance transportation and storage, and can absorb water after being Upright and rejuvenated, fully open and long after soaking. Production of cut chrysanthemums in northern China, if it is to supply the market in May, should be cultivated in October of the first year and cultured in the greenhouse in winter; if it is to bloom in August to September, it can be nursed in March of that year, and early in 60 days. Sunshine treatment. It is easier to supply chrysanthemum cut flowers in the winter and early spring in the south, without the need of greenhouses, and can be grown on a large area, but it is necessary to build sorghum with waterproof rakes. Suitable shading at noon during the dry season can increase the length of the stem and facilitate the bottle insertion.
Pre-plant preparation chrysanthemum avoid water wet, field cultivation cut chrysanthemum, must be deep trench sorghum, with sorghum height 25 to 30 centimeters, 畦 width 1 to 1.2 meters as well, 畦 length not exceeding 30 meters. There must be a good groove around the plot, and the gutter should have a function of water storage and drainage so that the rainwater does not drain out and the rain stops without water. Cut chrysanthemums thrive and require large amounts of fertilizer. Applying long-acting organic fertilizers can loosen the soil and promote root growth. Cut flower chrysanthemum bounty continuous cropping, not with the same crops.
Planting cut-flower chrysanthemums has more than one copy, and Daejeon's export-oriented cut-flower chrysanthemums are generally cultivated on their own. Usually only about 60 plants per square meter are planted, with 4 rows per plant, 25 cm spacing and 6 cm plant spacing. When the chrysanthemum grows to 30 cm in height, 1212 square centimeters of plastic shallow nets are used to carry out the main plantlet netting, so that the chrysanthemum branches are evenly distributed.
Water management of cut chrysanthemum is very important for fertilizer and water management. In addition to proper watering of flower buds during development, dry and wet, dry and wet, and ditch irrigation and immersion should be used. Cut chrysanthemum has high planting density and consumes more fertilizer. In addition to applying basal fertilizer, it must often be top-dressed with water. In general, nitrogen and potash fertilizers are predominant before budding, and phosphate fertilizers are applied as appropriate. Dressing fertilizer should be applied thinly to prevent excessive fertilization. When the chrysanthemum plant turns to reproductive growth, fertilization can be suspended to facilitate flower bud differentiation. After budding, top dressing again.
Pruning and pruning should be strong and weak, remove branches, and axillary buds should be wiped off in time to reduce the consumption of nutrients and ensure that the plants reach a certain height. Immediately after budding, all buds below the bud should be removed. During the cultivation process, if there is a phenomenon of “willow leaf,†it should be picked up early to allow it to re-extract new skills.
Pest control The diseases and pests of cut chrysanthemum mainly include leaf spot and aphid. In the early stage of growth, fungicides should be used regularly to prevent the occurrence of various leaf spot diseases. When entering the reproductive stage, it is necessary to prevent powdery mildew and aphids from damaging the buds so as not to affect the quality of cut flowers. Chrysanthemum leaf spot disease has a long period of occurrence. It lasts from April to October, and it is the most severe case when rainfall is high before and after the beginning of autumn. After the onset, reduce the number of watering as much as possible. You can spray Bordeaux mixture or 500-fold solution of zein-zinc, and spray it once every other week. Before the flower buds pass through, stop spraying. The locusts must be sprayed before the occurrence of turfgrass to prevent them. After the onset of the locusts, they should be sprayed two or three times in succession, and they can all be eliminated.
Filling light late autumn chrysanthemum, winter chrysanthemum is a typical short-day plant, the length of light, the strength of the flowering and flower color have an impact. Chrysanthemum supplements light to suppress flower buds. Generally 6 m wide standard greenhouses can be planted with 4 poles, each row is hung with a row of incandescent bulbs with 60 watts and 1.5 to 2 meters apart, and the height is preferably 90 to 100 cm from the plants. Light is supplemented daily from 23 o'clock to 2 o'clock the next day. It usually starts at the end of August. The number of days to fill light must be determined according to the time of planting.
Harvesting and refrigerating when the buds dew 3 to 50%, suitable for flowering. Usually harvested in the early morning or early evening, this is conducive to preservation. The harvested chrysanthemums are immediately transported to the fresh-keeping factory for pre-cooling, and the temperature is controlled at about 10°C. After the pre-cooling, the chrysanthemum is trimmed, and generally the stem length is about 90 centimeters, which is fed into the cold room in 10 units. Refrigerated wet storage and dry storage of two kinds. Wet storage is generally used for short-term storage. The method is to insert the stem into the preservation solution. The formula of the preservation solution is 20 grams of sucrose per liter of water, 25 milligrams of silver nitrate, and 200 milliliters of 8-hydroxyquilin citrate; Cut chrysanthemums are stored in plastic bags or cartons in cold storage. Note that it must not be placed in a cold store with fruit and vegetables so as to avoid the effect of ethylene on fruit and vegetables. Cold storage needs to maintain relative humidity of 90% to 95%, temperature is controlled at 0°C to 17°C, and can be stored for 3 to 4 weeks.
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