Sexual maturity and appropriate initial maternal age The first occurrence of estrus after birth is the puberty, which is usually called sexual maturity. It can produce mature germ cells (spermatozoa or eggs) with the ability to reproduce offspring. However, it is not suitable for immediate breeding. Boer goat mothers usually have 6 to 8 months of puberty, and 40% to 60% of adult sheep. Rams have sexual behavior at 4 months of age, such as crawling and ejaculating. However, because male and female ewes have not yet fully matured during their sexual maturation, the growth and development of the prematurely matched pair of sheep itself and its offspring are both unfavorable. Therefore, the Boer goat ewes generally have an initial age of more than 10 months, and the rams have an initial age of more than 12 months.
The estrous Boer goats usually have 6 to 8 months of puberty, and the estrus season is obvious. In the season when the spring and autumn temperatures are appropriate and the fodder is abundant, estrus is relatively concentrated and estrus is rare in summer. The estrus cycle lasts from 19 days to 24 days, with an average of 21 days. The duration of estrus is 24 hours to 48 hours, and estrus is from 30 hours to 40 hours. Nursing ewes can be estrus 7 days to 10 days after weaning. Ejaculation estrus is mainly manifested as excitement, screaming, constantly swinging tail, frequent urination, climbing across other ewes, loss of appetite, congestion and swelling of the genital area are red tide, relaxation and secretion of mucus, and sometimes mucus outflow from the vulva. Abnormal estrus is caused by malnutrition, improper feeding and management or sudden changes in environmental conditions. There are several common ones.
Quiet estrus Due to insufficient secretion of estrogen, there is a lack of obvious estrus in estrus, but ovarian follicles mature and ovulate.
The short oestrus estrus period is short, and a little carelessly misses the breeding period.
The estrus estrus is a long-lasting estrus, and estrus is intermittent. It often occurs in early spring malnourished ewes.
Estrus identification During the breeding of Boer goats, estrus identification is a very important part. The purpose of the identification is to detect the ewes in time and correctly master the time of mating or artificial insemination, so as to prevent mis-matching and miss-fitting and reduce the rate of conception and lambing.
There are three main methods for the identification of estrus in Boer goats.
The external observation method mainly observes the external performance and mental state of the ewes. The Boer goat ewes showed marked excitement, loss of appetite, rumination, loud vocalization, shaking of tails, congestion of the vulva, swelling, relaxation, and discharge of a small amount of mucus.
The inspection method determines the occurrence of estrus by using an opener to check changes in the mucosa, secretions, and cervix. During the inspection, the ewes should be properly secured, the vulva washed, and the opener cleaned, disinfected and coated with lubricant. The inspector holds the opener in the left hand, closes the front end, slowly inserts it from the vault, and gently opens it. Front end, flashlight check internal changes. When it is found that mucosal hyperemia, red, bright and moist surface, there is a transparent mucus leakage and cervical mouth congestion, relaxation, opening, with mucus outflow, you can set the heat. After the inspection, close the opener and gently pull it out.
The test method is to put the test ram into the ewes once a day or once each morning and evening. The location of the test site should be leveled so that it can be easily observed and driven away from the ewes. When the ram is put into the ewes, the staff members do not shout, and they may drive the ewes to the proper level so that the ewes are not crowded together. When the ram is found to be sniffing the ewes or using hooves to tease the ewes, or even climb to the back of the ewes, and the ewes stand still or actively approach the ram, such ewes are estrus mothers. sheep. At this point, the ewes should be separated immediately to prepare for breeding. It takes about 1 hour for the trial time.
Ovulation time determination and timely breeding Boer goat ovulation time is mostly in the late stage of estrus, 90% of young ewes ovulate about 30 hours after the onset of estrus, 75% to 85% of the ewes ovulate about 40 hours after the onset of estrus. . According to the relevant information, the suitable breeding time is generally 5 hours to 8 hours before the end of estrus, ie, 30 to 35 hours after the onset of estrus, breeding can be started. The young sheep are slightly advanced and the sheep are delayed slightly. In addition, according to the needs of the sheep's estrus situation, the sheep estrus duration is long, and can be re-allocated from 5 hours to 10 hours.
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