The pests and diseases that are more serious in the growth process of lotus are mainly the following: 1. Disease 1. Black spot mainly damages the leaves. At the beginning of the disease, yellowish chlorotic lesions appear on the leaves, round or irregularly shaped at the late stage, brownish and rimmed, with sometimes yellow-green halos on the edges, and onychomycosis layers, with a diameter of 5 to 15 mm. In severe cases, the lesions were even in pieces, with the exception of leaf veins, the whole leaves were yellow. The disease is caused by fungi. The rainy season occurs seriously. The lotus ponds or potted plants are used continuously, and under conditions where nitrogen fertilizer is applied excessively or the water temperature is too high in summer, the diseases are very serious. Control methods: Strengthen cultivation management and remove diseased leaves in time. Plants with more severe disease need to be replaced with new soil and planted again without nitrogenous fertilizer. At the time of onset, 75% of chlorothalonil can be sprayed 600 to 800 times to control. 2. Brown spot damage Lotus leaves. A round spot of 0.5 to 8 mm in diameter appeared on the diseased leaf, showing a light brown to yellowish brown color with a darker edge. At the late stage of the disease, many black mold spots were produced on the lesions. It is more severe in the autumn and rainy season. Most of the bacteria overwinter on the remnants. Control methods: Remove residual leaves, reduce the source of the disease. Severe attack can be sprayed with 50% of carbendazim 500 times or 80% of dexamethasone 500 to 800 times for control. 3. Rot disease damage leaves, pedicels and lotus roots. When the leaves are damaged, green and blue spots (blocks) are initially generated along the leaf edges. The lesions spread to the leaves in the near future. Finally, the entire leaves turn brown and necrotic. When the pedicel occurs, it turns brown along the stomatal line and sag. Lotus root disease, first turned brown, gradually turning to the whip, vertical necrosis, but also can be seen in the sick section grows white filaments or pink powder heap. The disease is usually affected by continuous cropping and when the soil is barren, the disease is severe. If the leaves are often exposed to water, they are also susceptible to disease. Control methods: Appropriate fertilization, pay attention to the water should not be too high, so as not to soak the leaves and cause the disease. Spray 50% of carbendazim 500 times or 50% of Phytophthora net 500 times to control. Second, pests 1. Aphids usually begin to harm lotus floating leaves and small leaves in early May, often concentrating on damage to leaf buds, buds and leaves, etc. The larvae and adults cluster sucking sap and endanger the most in late spring and autumn. Control methods: 20% cypermethrin 2000x or 50% dimethoate 1500x spray can be used. 2. The cocoon moth is mainly harmful to the leaves. When it is serious, the back of the lotus leaf can be hung up to twenty or thirty, and they eat the old and new lotus leaf to make holes and even eat up all. Control methods: can be used to capture the removal of governance, timely removal of diseased leaves. 90% of trichlorfon was sprayed with 1500 to 2000 times and 800 times of bacteria. Remove weeds from the field and disinfect it. 3. Pyralidae and brown-headed moths (commonly known as the larvae) that damage the leaves with larvae. It is generally hazardous from mid-June to September. Control methods: Exterminate the leaves and burn them. Kill with 90% trichlorfon 800 to 1000 fluids or 2.5% enemy killed 3000 times. 4. Spodoptera litura larvae during the mid-August period, more damage to the leaves. Generally black light traps killing adults, or with speed killing Ding 2000 to 3000? In summer, the larvae suck juice on the stem nodes and roots of the lotus, causing the diseased leaves to turn yellow. Control methods: generally available lime to drive. Spread 10 to 15 kilograms per acre, but not overdoses.
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