In the off-season cultivation of mushrooms, mushroom malformation often occurs because the regulation of production conditions is not in place, affecting the quality of the mushroom in the product, and greatly reducing the production efficiency. The main performances of malformation mushrooms and their prevention and control measures are as follows: 1. The caps are small and thin: the performance of the caps is thin and small, and even if the mushroom age is too long to grow, there is no special fragrance of mushrooms; It is not completed when the color is changed, the mushroom bag or the white fungus bag is used for mushrooming; second, the nutrition of the base material is obviously insufficient; and thirdly, the growth temperature is high. Prevention methods: If there is no bacterial bag that changes color, it is necessary to adjust the conditions to change the color. If the nutrition of the base material is insufficient, it can be properly supplemented when the bag is soaked, or the method of “fertilizing mushroom†can be adopted, such as spraying edible mushrooms. The three-dimensional nutritional essence can effectively thicken the thickness of the cap; in summer, the temperature is high and effective cooling measures should be taken, such as spraying water to the wall of the mushroom shed. 2. Cap-shaped lampshade: The shape of the lampshade with a sharp cap is obvious, and it becomes noticeably thinner, and the quality of the product is seriously reduced. The main reason is to prevent and control with the above methods. 3. Cap-shaped wavy: The edge of the cap has a more regular wavy shape that becomes noticeably thinner and more brittle. The wavy shape is mainly due to the large temperature difference during the development stage of the young mushroom, and at the same time, the humidity of the environment changes greatly, especially when the large water is directly sprayed on the cap, which causes the abnormal development of the cap tissue. The control method is to maintain a relatively stable temperature and humidity after the occurrence of mushroom buds. In particular, when the summer season is cultivated, the temperature of the mushroom shed is often the basic condition for determining the normal development of the fruit body. 4. Pod cover is not correct: the specific performance of the cap or narrow or triangular, etc., is not the main feature of the round. The main reason for this was that the plastic film was not cut in time at the young bud stage, and the mushroom cap was directly pushed onto the plastic film and received a certain amount of friction, or mushroom buds occurred more frequently and there was no timely sparse bud treatment until it reached the young bud stage. After the caps differentiate, they are squeezed together. As long as the caps are squeezed when they are young, they will never grow back. Prevention: Cutting membranes in time and performing bud treatment, usually only 1-2 young buds, do not make too much. 5. Stipe hollow: Slender, hollow, resulting in a very small cap, mainly due to the base material moisture content is too low and the space humidity is too small and other reasons. Prevention and control measures: After each tide is harvested, bubble bags should be treated. Generally, soaking for 24 hours can restore the original weight; and keeping the mushroom shed's air humidity above 85%. 6. The stipe grows out of the crack: when the moisture content of the bacteria bag is too low, the base material cracks, and after the narrow slit is formed, the fruiting body can grow out of the crack, and some even do not completely drill out. Growing up in the gap will eventually fail to achieve its commodity value. The prevention method is to adhere to the bag soaking treatment so as not to form a crack. 7. Distortion of the stipe: If the air humidity of the mushroom shed is low, the light is strong, or the light angle changes too frequently, this phenomenon is easy to occur. The prevention method is to maintain a relatively stable air humidity and maintain a relatively stable light. Generally, it is required to have a scattered light of 1000 lux. 8. Candle Mushroom: The characteristic of the candle mushroom is the bare stipe, which does not have a normal cap tissue and resembles a candle. Causes: First, the bud structure of the mushroom bud is damaged; second, the carbon dioxide concentration in the shed is too high. Preventive measures: cut the membrane in time; pay attention not to hurt and want to stay buds when budding; adhere to better ventilation, keep the shed fresh air conditions.
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